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Euclid: Quick Data Release (Q1) -- Exploring the detailed visual morphology of galaxies in clusters

P. Mas-Buitrago S. Kruk D. O'Ryan M. Nardone A. La Marca P. Awad M. Baes M. Fossati T. Géron Z. Ghaffari M. Girardi C. Lintott J. Sorce B. Altieri F. Durret V. Pettorino B. Y. Irureta-Goyena B. Simmons J. Reerink H. D. S'anchez J. Knapen F. Shankar E. Durán-Camacho J. M. P'erez-Mart'inez M. Walmsley N. Auricchio C. Baccigalupi M. Baldi S. Bardelli P. Battaglia A. Biviano M. Bolzonella A. Bonchi E. Branchini M. Brescia J. Brinchmann S. Camera G. Cañas-Herrera V. Capobianco C. Carbone J. Carretero M. Castellano G. Castignani S. Cavuoti A. Cimatti C. Colodro-Conde G. Congedo C. Conselice L. Conversi Y. Copin A. Costille F. Courbin H. Courtois M. Cropper H. Degaudenzi G. de Lucia H. Dole F. Dubath X. Dupac S. Dusini A. Ealet M. Fabricius M. Farina R. Farinelli S. Ferriol P. Fosalba S. Fotopoulou M. Frailis E. Franceschi M. Fumana S. Galeotta K. George B. Gillis C. Giocoli P. Gómez-Álvarez J. Graciá-Carpio A. Grazian F. Grupp S. Gwyn W. Holmes I. Hook F. Hormuth A. Hornstrup M. Huertas-Company K. Jahnke M. Jhabvala B. Joachimi S. Kermiche A. Kiessling B. Kubik M. Kümmel M. Kunz H. Kurki-Suonio A. L. Le Brun S. Ligori P. Lilje V. Lindholm I. Lloro G. Mainetti O. Mansutti O. Marggraf M. Martinelli N. Martinet F. Marulli R. Massey S. Maurogordato E. Medinaceli M. Melchior M. Meneghetti E. Merlin G. Meylan A. Mora Michele Moresco L. Moscardini E. Munari C. Neissner S. Niemi J. Nightingale C. Padilla S. Paltani F. Pasian K. Pedersen W. Percival A. Pezzotta S. Pires G. Polenta M. Poncet L. Popa L. Pozzetti F. Raison A. Renzi J. Rhodes G. Riccio E. Romelli M. Roncarelli B. Rusholme R. Saglia Z. Sakr A. Sánchez D. Sapone B. Sartoris P. Schneider T. Schrabback M. Scodeggio A. Secroun E. Sihvola P. Simon C. Sirignano G. Sirri P. Tallada-Crespí A. Taylor H. Teplitz I. Tereno N. Tessore S. Toft R. Toledo-Moreo F. Torradeflot I. Tutusaus J. Valiviita T. Vassallo G. Kleijn A. Veropalumbo Y. Wang J. Weller A. Zacchei G. Zamorani F. Zerbi E. Zucca J. Macias-Perez M. S. C. de Astrobiología Csic--Inta Esac Campus Camino Bajo del Castillo Sn 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada Madrid Spain Esacesa C. D. del Castillo Sn. Urb. Villafranca del Castillo European Space AgencyESTEC 1. Keplerlaan 2201 AZ Noordwijk T. Netherlands Leiden Observatory Leiden University 55 Einsteinweg 2333 CC Leiden U. Gent D. Physics Astronomy N. Proeftuinstraat 9000 Ghent Belgium Dipartimento di FisicaG. Occhialini U. D. M. -. Bicocca 3. PiazzadellaScienza 20133 Milano Italy INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera 28 ViaBrera 20133 Milano Dunlap Institute for Astronomy Astrophysics U. Toronto 50 St. George Street Toronto ON M5S 3H4 Canada INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste 11 ViaG.B.Tiepolo 34151 Trieste Ifpu Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe 2. viaBeirut 34151 Trieste D. Astronomia Università di Trieste 11 ViaTiepolo 34151 Trieste U. Oxford Keble Road O. 3RH Uk U. Lille Cnrs Centrale Lille Umr 9189 CRIStAL 59000 Lille France Universit'e Paris-Saclay Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale 91405 Orsay Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris 98 bis boulevard Arago 75014 Paris I. Physics Laboratory of Astrophysics Ecole Polytechnique F'ed'erale de Lausanne Observatoire de Sauverny 1290 Versoix Switzerland Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB Instituto de Física de Cantabria Edificio Juan Jord'a Avenida de los Castros 39005 Santander Instituto de Astrof́isica de Canarias E. Laguna Tenerife Universidad de la Laguna Dpto Astrofı́ Sica E. Laguna School Of Physics Astronomy U. Southampton Highfields Campus Southampton SO17 1BJ D. A. D. D. O. A. Astrophysics 50 St. George Street ON M5S 3H4 J. B. C. F. Astrophysics U. Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza Dello Spazio di Bologna V. Gobetti 40129 Bologna Infn Sezione di Trieste 2. ViaValerio TS 34127Trieste Sissa I. Studies Via Bonomea TS 34136Trieste D. Astronomia U. 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Sn 08193 Bellaterra INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma 33 viaFrascati 00078 Monteporzio Catone INFN-Sezione di Napoli D. Bologna Institute for Astronomy U. Edinburgh R. Observatory B. Hill Edinburgh EH9 3HJ European Space AgencyESRIN 1. LargoGalileoGalilei 00044 Frascati Roma 1. Universit'eClaudeBernardLyon CNRS-IN2P3 Ipn Lyon Umr Villeurbanne F-69100 A. Université Cnes Lam Marseille Institut de Ciències del Cosmos U. Barcelona 1. Mart'iiFranques 08193 Barcelona I. C. de Recerca I Estudis Avançats 23 PasseigdeLluı́sCompanys 08193 Barcelona Institut de Ciències de l'Espai Carrer de Can Magrans Sn Cerdanyola del Vall'es 08193 Barcelona 1. UCBLyon Iuf 4. R. E. Fermi 69622 Villeurbanne Mullard Space Science Laboratory U. London Holmbury St Mary Dorking Surrey RH5 6NT Department of Physics Astronomy U. Geneva 16 ch.d'Ecogia INFN-Padova 8. ViaMarzolo 35131 Padova Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics 1. Giessenbachstr. U. München F. 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Road Durham DH1 3LE Universit'e Cote d'Azur Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur Laboratoire Lagrange Bd de l'Observatoire Cs 4. 06304Nicecedex

Sep 2026 · 0 citations · 22 references

Physics

Abstract

Galaxy clusters provide unique laboratories for studying environmental effects on galaxy evolution. The morphology--density ($T$--$\Sigma$) and morphology--cluster-centric radius ($T$--$R$) relations trace how galaxy morphology is influenced by the environment, but previous studies at intermediate redshifts have been limited in both sample size and radial coverage. We use the Euclid Quick Data Release 1 (Q1) visual morphology catalogue to measure the $T$--$\Sigma$ and $T$--$R$ relations for smooth, featured-or-disc, and barred galaxies in known clusters at $0.2\leq z\leq 0.5$, extending this analysis to large cluster-centric distances ($3 R_{500c}$) and studying their dependence on stellar mass. Using photometric redshifts and stellar masses provided by Euclid, we identify 1754 cluster members within $1.5 R_{500c}$, distributed across 71 clusters. We classify the identified galaxies as smooth, featured-or-disc, or barred using the predicted vote fractions provided by the Zoobot deep learning foundation model in the Q1 visual morphology catalogue. We confirm the $T$--$\Sigma$ relation in all the stellar mass ranges studied, with a stronger influence of the cluster environment on galaxy morphology in the densest parts of the cluster and closer to the cluster centre. Beyond $1.5 R_{500c}$, the morphological segregation weakens, with featured-or-disc galaxies overtaking smooth galaxies at the lowest densities, consistent with the growing contribution of field interlopers in the cluster outskirts. For barred galaxies, we find a tentative decline of the bar fraction toward lower densities that is most pronounced for the most massive galaxies. In conclusion, our results show that the cluster environment drives a progressive transformation of galaxy morphology, with the loss of disc structure becoming more pronounced towards the cluster core, where environmental processes act most efficiently.

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