Research Progress of mRNA Vaccines in Disease Prevention and Treatment

Abstract

mRNA vaccine is a novel category in the medical field. Its core mechanism is to deliver mRNA into cells, and then use the host cell system to produce therapeutic proteins or immunogenic proteins, exerting therapeutic effects on the body or stimulating the body to produce antibodies. In addition to COVID-19, mRNA vaccines’ application in targeted tumor therapy is expanding, with numerous clinical trials underway. This review covers the molecular structure of mRNA vaccines, synthesis and purification technologies including nucleoside modification and LNP delivery systems, applications in infectious disease prevention and oncology treatment, and prospects for future development.