Aug 2026· Immunologic research· Vol 74· 0 citations· 176 references
Medicine
TL;DR
This review integrates the major tumor-intrinsic and tumor-extrinsic mechanisms that drive ICI resistance, including defective antigen presentation, impaired interferon signaling, oncogenic and epigenetic immune escape programs, metabolic rewiring, suppressive myeloid and stromal circuits, abnormal vasculature, and progressive T-cell dysfunction to provide a translational framework for matching ICI resistance biology with rational combination strategies and evolving biomarker-guided treatment decisions.
Immune checkpoint blockade targeting PD-1/PD-L1 has reshaped cancer therapy across multiple tumor types. However, primary and acquired resistance remain major barriers to durable clinical benefit. Increasing evidence indicates that immunotherapy resistance is not driven by isolated molecular alterations, but by coordin...
Chao Wang, Dong Yang· Frontiers in Cell and Develo...· 0 citations
INTRODUCTION
Immunotherapy resistance is mediated by mechanisms distinct from those underlying conventional chemotherapy, including tumor-intrinsic alterations, an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and other host factors, that collectively constrain durable responses.
AREAS COVERED
This review provides a syst...
Kenneth K. W. To, Ting-Nan Ma, Long-Ling Wang et al.· Expert opinion on therapeuti...· 0 citations
The central conclusion of this review is that effective clinical translation will necessitate a paradigm shift from discrete pathway inhibition toward integrated precision immuno-oncology strategies that combine molecular profiling, immune-contexture analysis, and mechanism-based combination therapies.
Yu-Yu Xu, Huiling Shen· Iranian journal of immunolog...· 0 citations
Emerging clinical evidence and mechanistic insights into OV–ICI synergy are synthesized to inform rational trial design, refine combination strategies, and accelerate the development of precision immuno-oncology approaches.
This position article synthesizes key barriers in ICI therapy while highlighting emerging opportunities to refine patient selection, improve safety, and enhance therapeutic durability, position the field to move beyond the current plateau toward a more precise, effective, and patient-centered era of immuno-oncology.
Joud Hajjar, B. Stephen, A. Aaroe et al.· Journal of Immunotherapy and...· 1 citation
Cutaneous melanoma remains a global health challenge. Although BRAF/MEK-targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved outcomes in advanced disease, durable responses remain difficult to achieve for most patients. Therapeutic resistance represents the central barrier to long-term disease contr...
Nicolas Moussallem, Ali Awada, Roy El Darzi et al.· Pharmaceuticals· 0 citations
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