Aug 2026· Iranian journal of immunology : IJI· Vol 23 3, pp.
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Medicine
TL;DR
The central conclusion of this review is that effective clinical translation will necessitate a paradigm shift from discrete pathway inhibition toward integrated precision immuno-oncology strategies that combine molecular profiling, immune-contexture analysis, and mechanism-based combination therapies.
INTRODUCTION
Immunotherapy resistance is mediated by mechanisms distinct from those underlying conventional chemotherapy, including tumor-intrinsic alterations, an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and other host factors, that collectively constrain durable responses.
AREAS COVERED
This review provides a syst...
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