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Mesenchymal stem Cells and Extracellular Vesicles in Bladder Dysfunction: Mechanisms and Translational Perspectives.

Aug 2026 · Stem Cell Reviews and Reports · 0 citations · 112 references
Medicine

TL;DR

A paradigm shift from conventional cell therapies to MSC-EV-centric, cell-free strategies, which overcome traditional transplantation limitations like low engraftment and immunogenicity are proposed, establishing MSC-EVs as a next-generation therapeutic framework, guiding future clinical translation in regenerative urology.

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