VSI-Based Consumer-Specific Optimal DG Allocation in Distribution Systems

Abstract

Distributed Generators (DGs) play a significant role in improving the performance and reliability of modern distribution systems and emerging microgrid environments by supplying power closer to load centers. Proper planning of DG placement becomes essential to reduce system losses, enhance voltage profiles, and improve economic benefits. This work presents a consumer-oriented DG allocation strategy applied to standard IEEE 33-bus and IEEE 69-bus distribution systems. The proposed approach considers different consumer categories such as residential, commercial, and industrial loads, and allocates DGs based on consumer load grouping. This framework is also relevant for microgrid planning, where localized generation and load-based allocation strategies enable flexible and resilient operation. In this method, one DG is allocated to each consumer category within the system. The optimal DG locations are identified using the Voltage Stability Index (VSI). Comparative analysis demonstrates a significant reduction in real power losses, improved voltage profiles, and enhanced economic performance, while supporting resilient and sustainable energy management across all test systems and multiple loading conditions. In 33 bus system, Economically, Scenario 1 provides a maximum gain of 10.63% with the PV & WIND hybrid configuration, while Scenario 2 achieves a substantially higher gain of 36.21% with WIND based DG configuration, highlighting its superior economic viability. In 69 bus system, Economically, Scenario 1 provides a maximum gain of 9.94% with the hybrid PV and WIND configuration, while Scenario 2 achieves a substantially higher gain of 38.30% with WIND-based DG, highlighting its superior economic viability.