Spatial Distribution of Aedes aegypti in Bandung City: GIS Analysis with Moran's I, LISA, and Climatic Overlay Techniques

Abstract

Dengue Fever (DF) remains a major public health challenge in tropical urban areas, including Indonesia, where transmission dynamics are closely linked to regarding the occurrence of Aedes aegypti in Bandung City. This study examines the spatial distribution of Aedes aegypti in Bandung City, Indonesia, using secondary dengue-related data during the period 2020-2025 integrated with climatic variables, including temperature, atmospheric pressure, and sunshine duration. Spatial analyses were conducted within a Geographic Information System (GIS) framework employing Global Moran’s I, Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA), and Descriptive Spatial Overlay Analysis. The global Moran’s I result indicates weak and statistically non-significant global spatial autocorrelation, with Moran’s Index of 0.0328, a z-score of 0.6496, and a p-value of 0.516, suggesting that the overall spatial pattern approximates randomness at the city scale. In contrast, LISA analysis reveals the presence of localized spatial outliers, highlight micro-scale spatial heterogeneity across sub-districts. Descriptive spatial overlay analysis further demonstrates that mosquito distribution is associated with spatial variations in temperature and sunshine duration. Several sub-districts including Kiaracondong, Buahbatu, Rancasari, Gedebage, and Lengkong, exhibit heterogeneous microclimatic conditions, where areas with differing levels of sunshine duration coexist within the same administrative boundaries, potentially supporting complementary larval habitats. These findings emphasize the importance of accounting for local microclimatic variability in the design of spatially targeted vector control and dengue prevention strategies.