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Open access Aug 2026

Historical Climate and Future Projection in the North Atlantic and Arctic: Insights from EC-Earth3 High-Resolution Simulations

Abstract. This study presents a new set of high-resolution global climate simulations conducted with the EC-Earth3 model, including a 350 year pre-industrial, followed by historical (1850–2014) and future (2015–2100, SSP2-4.5) simulations. The model features a horizontal resolution of ∼ 40 km in the atmosphere and 0.25...

M. Karami, T. Koenigk, Shi-Yu Wang et al. · 2 citations
Open access Sep 2026

Evaluation of a coupled regional reanalysis for the Mediterranean region covering the period 1993–2024

Regional reanalyses provide physically consistent reconstructions of past climate, offering a powerful tool for understanding the processes that shape regional responses to climate change. Here, we introduce MESMAR-R (Mediterranean Earth System Model at ISMAR – Reanalysis), a newly developed coupled atmosphere-ocean-hy...

A. Storto, V. de Toma, Chun-Xue Yang · 0 citations
Open access Aug 2026

Multi-decadal high-resolution historical simulations with the ECMWF global atmosphere model

This paper describes an ensemble of global atmosphere reference simulations covering the period 1980 to 2023 produced with the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Integrated Forecasting System (IFS). The resulting dataset consists of 6-hourly three-dimensional global outputs from higher- and lowe...

M. Aengenheyster, Christopher D. Roberts, Razvan Aguridan et al. · 1 citation
Open access Aug 2026

The impact of model resolution on the North Atlantic multidecadal response to anthropogenic sulphate aerosols

Abstract. Anthropogenic sulphate aerosol is a primary forcing agent in the historical period, and its exact impact on North Atlantic SST variability remains an open question. A set of novel, idealised, single-forcing experiments was performed to isolate the physical processes. The medium-resolution (60 km atmosphere, 0...

W. Lai, J. Robson, L. Wilcox et al. · 0 citations
Open access Sep 2026

The sensitivity of a coupled climate model to numerical mixing in its ocean component

An ensemble of seven integrations of the HadGEM3-GC5 coupled model is used to investigate the sensitivity of the simulated climate system to settings in the ocean component that have been shown to affect the level of numerical mixing in forced simulations. This configuration is closely related to the UK contributio...

A. Megann, D. Copsey, A. Walsh · 0 citations
Sep 2026

An Investigation of the SST Annual Cycle in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific in CAS‐ESM2‐0

Coupled atmosphere‐ocean models exhibit significant biases in simulating the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) annual cycle, with substantial inter‐model discrepancies. The Chinese Academy of Sciences Earth System Model (CAS‐ESM2‐0), as one of the models contributing to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CM...

Wei Si, Hai-Long Liu, Ming-Hua Zhang et al. · 0 citations

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