Jul 2026· Journal of basic and applied research international· 0 citations
Abstract
This study examines how rural finance has shaped agribusiness development in India, with emphasis on the transition from informal lending to a diversified institutional credit system. Using secondary data from official reports, surveys, and scholarly sources, the analysis reviews long-term trends in agricultural credit, agency-wise disbursement, regional distribution, and the relative roles of commercial banks, Regional Rural Banks, cooperative institutions, and NABARD. The findings indicate that institutional credit has expanded markedly and has supported investment in farm inputs, technology, irrigation, post-harvest infrastructure, and risk-management mechanisms. Commercial banks have become the principal providers of agricultural credit, while Regional Rural Banks and cooperatives continue to perform important financial inclusion functions. However, the expansion of formal lending remains uneven. Small and marginal farmers face constraints related to collateral, documentation, procedural complexity, and limited local outreach, while the eastern and north-eastern regions receive comparatively lower levels of credit. Continued reliance on informal lenders, insufficient medium- and long-term finance, and uneven loan amounts further limit the contribution of credit to sustainable agribusiness growth. The study identifies digital integration, region-specific policies, stronger cooperative networks, financial education, public-private collaboration, and improved alignment of credit products with agricultural cash-flow cycles as key pathways for strengthening rural finance. A more inclusive, transparent, and farmer-oriented credit system is required to support resilient and sustainable agribusiness development across India.
This study develops a context-specific hybrid financing framework for rice agribusiness among smallholder farmers in South Sulawesi (Indonesia) and Sabah (Malaysia) and examines its contribution to financial inclusion.
A mixed-methods approach combined survey data from 150 rice farmers with qualitative interviews involving 20 key stakeholders. Descriptive, comparative and thematic analyses were used to examine financing patterns, institutional barriers, farmer preferences and financing challenges.
Access to formal finance remains constrained by collateral requirements, high interest rates and bureaucratic procedures. Farmers with financing access reported average productivity approximately 30% higher than non-financed farmers across both study regions. However, given the cross-sectional design, these differences should be interpreted as associations rather than causal relationships. Qualitative findings emphasized the importance of institutional coordination, financial literacy and digital readiness in improving financing accessibility.
The study was limited to two rice-producing regions and relied on cross-sectional data. Future research should apply longitudinal or experimental approaches across broader geographical settings.
The framework supports financial inclusion and community-based financing for smallholder farmers.
This study proposes a context-specific hybrid financing framework integrating public funding, formal finance, Islamic finance, cooperatives and digital financial services within a single conceptual structure for rice agribusiness development.
Z. Sjamsir, I. Abdurofi, M. Saleh et al.· Journal of Agribusiness in D...· 0 citations
Abstract
PACS have emerged as important grassroots institutions for promoting agricultural credit and rural development in Karnataka. They play a significant role in mobilising rural savings, providing institutional credit, supplying agricultural inputs, supporting allied activities, and delivering financial services to farmers. The present study examines their performance, functional working, and contribution to agricultural development based on indicators such as functioning PACS, membership, deposits, loans and advances, and loan recovery. The exponential growth model indicates a significant upward trend in the functioning, membership, and deposit mobilisation of PACS, highlighting their growing importance in Karnataka’s institutional agricultural credit system. Strengthening their financial viability, governance, digital capacity, and service diversification is essential for sustainable agricultural development.
The number of functioning PACS recorded an R² value of 0.938, indicating that 93.8% of the variation was explained by the time trend. The model was statistically significant (F = 121.326; p < 0.001), with a positive growth coefficient (b₁ = 0.013), indicating an estimated annual exponential growth rate of 1.31%. Similarly, PACS membership exhibited a strong positive trend, with an R² value of 0.971, indicating that 97.1% of the variation was explained by the time trend. The model was statistically significant (F = 264.914; p < 0.001), and the positive coefficient (b₁ = 0.029) indicates an estimated annual growth rate of 2.94%. The total deposits recorded the highest growth performance among the three indicators. The model produced an R² value of 0.999, indicating that 99.9% of the variation in deposits was explained by the time trend. The model was highly significant (F = 11,568.914; p < 0.001), while the positive growth coefficient (b₁ = 0.098) indicates an estimated annual exponential growth rate of approximately 10.29%.
Keywords: Performance, Functioning, Total Deposits Total Loans & Advances and Average Loan Recovery Rate
G. Lohith· International Scientific Jou...· 0 citations
Retaining population is a core condition for the long-term sustainability of rural communities, yet rural out-migration is often treated merely as evidence of local development failure. Agriculturally productive regions may continue to lose population even when output, corporate activity, and local services improve, which raises the question of what kinds of rural development are demographically sustainable. This study examines that puzzle in Akmola, Kazakhstan, a major grain-producing region surrounding Astana. It asks how corporate social responsibility (CSR), rural amenities, economic vitality, and agricultural dependence are associated with net migration across rural districts. The question is important because CSR and agricultural modernization are frequently expected to support rural communities, yet their demographic implications depend on whether they generate broad local opportunities or mainly improve services and production capacity. Using an unbalanced district-level panel of eight rural districts from 2010 to 2023, the study estimates PLS-SEM models under alternative measurement specifications and compares the results with fixed-effects panel estimates and PPML (Poisson) gross-flow models. The findings show that economic vitality is associated with population retention or attraction, while agriculture-oriented development is associated with out-migration. Amenities generally support the retention-oriented interpretation, and CSR is more consistently associated with amenity provision than with migration directly. These patterns suggest that the sustainability of rural communities depends less on agricultural output or CSR-funded services in isolation than on economic diversification and enhanced local livability.
Sunyoung Lee, D. Zhenskhan, Song Soo Lim et al.· Sustainability· 0 citations
Agriculture is a strategic sector of the economy, playing a crucial role in food security, employment, regional development, and social welfare. However, its financing is constrained by seasonality, high risks, low profitability, and limited access to credit, which undermines long–term sustainability. This study uses a systematic literature review to identify the main characteristics of agricultural financial mechanisms and assess the applicability of diversified national and international financing sources for sustainable development. Therefore, the research is based on a systematic review of 41 scientific sources published between 2003 and 2024. Materials were collected from international databases (Scopus, Web of Science) and national resources (Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Russia). Comparative and analytical methods were applied to examine sector–specific risks, financing models, and innovative instruments. The analysis shows that while state support programs provide subsidies and soft loans, major barriers persist, including high interest rates, weak cooperatives, underdeveloped market infrastructure, and low financial literacy among farmers. International practice highlights the potential of complementing traditional sources (subsidies, bank loans) with innovative instruments such as green bonds, venture capital, Islamic finance, and project–based financing. The study suggests that sustainable agricultural finance requires integrative mechanisms that diversify funding sources, strengthen cooperative structures, and improve financial literacy. Applying these strategies in Azerbaijan, alongside international experience, can reduce risks, increase resilience, and ensure long–term sectoral growth.
Keywords: Sustainable agriculture; agricultural finance; self–financing; state support; financial constraints
Elay Zeynalli, Mehman Karimov· Journal of Global Innovation...· 0 citations
From a banker's perspective, the Karimnagar District Cooperative Central Bank (KDCCB) has transitioned from a loss-making entity in 2005 to a "beacon of success" in cooperative banking, serving as a vital instrument for agricultural credit and rural development in Telangana. The bank, which crossed a business mix of Rs 7,000 crore in 2024–25, has fostered rural prosperity through digital adoption, high-volume lending, and strong mentorship of Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS).
District Central Cooperative Banks (DCCBs) in Telangana play a critical role in the state's rural credit system, facilitating agricultural finance and promoting rural development. This article examines the significance of DCCBs, identifies key challenges they face, and provides recommendations for enhancing their effectiveness and sustainability. KDCCB holding a significant impact on agricultural credit and rural development in the integrated Karimnagar district of Telangana. Banker opinion surveys and performance studies highlight the bank's evolution from a purely agriculture-focused institution to a competitive financial player, adapting to modern banking needs while maintaining a high share of rural credit.
Yama. Narsaiah, Dr. Shiny Rajan· International journal of res...· 0 citations
The agriculture sector is the backbone of a country. However, this sector receives limited loan disbursement from commercial banks. In this context, the present study aims to explore the experiences of farmers utilizing agricultural credit and the challenges they face during the loan acquisition process. Adopting a qualitative approach, the study carried out in-depth interviews with seven farmers of Nepal. The findings reveal that farmers face challenges stemming from limited financial awareness and procedural hurdles. Additional difficulties include struggles with loan acquisition and repayment, family misunderstandings regarding using credit for farming, and obstacles in optimizing loanable funds within the broader context of credit management, project extension, technology transfer, and the creation of value chains through circular linkages. This study offers valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners in designing rational and impactful agricultural credit policies to promote sustainable farming in Nepal by highlighting the key hurdles farmers face in accessing agricultural loans.
Yam Lal Bhoosal, B. Shrestha, Prakash C Bhattarai et al.· Journal of Management and De...· 0 citations
