A Data Sharing Platform for Green Electricity Trading and Trusted Energy Under Blockchain Technology

Abstract

A decentralized, open, and scalable P2P power exchange is necessary due to the increasing dispersion of renewable energy sources. This study presents a blockchain-based design for green power trade and data sharing that addresses sustainability, privacy, trust, and scalability. A consensus method called Hybrid Proof-of-Energy Contribution (H-PoEC) uses adaptive trust scores and verifiable renewable energy contributions to choose validators on the fly. As a result, validation delays are reduced, and the process is made more equitable and eco-friendlier. Without compromising privacy by disclosing smart meter data, Zero-Knowledge Energy Credential (ZKEC) programs verify that renewable energy sources fulfill carbon criteria. Merkle-compressed Energy Certificates (MECs) reduce the amount of data stored on the blockchain without compromising data security. We constructed a blockchain testbed for a consortium using 500 prosumers, real solar output, and dynamic market interactions. Compared with Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) and Tendermint, the proposed method achieves 35–48% higher throughput and a 32% reduction in block finalization delays in testing. Under duress, it can handle 2,000 Transactions Per Second (TPS). under peak load, 1,000 TPS. ZKEC proof files are 41% smaller after MEC compression, and monthly storage per prosumer drops from more than 50 MB to 14–16 MB. Market-level testing showed 18–24% more renewable energy, 37% less settlement delay, and a 50% lower dispute rate than with centralized trading. These findings show that the system may be used in the future for decentralized power markets that need to be scalable, protect privacy, and use less energy.