Jul 2026· Journal of Agribusiness and Social Sciences· 0 citations· 17 references
Abstract
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is an important and profitable crop in Pakistan due to its nutritional value, adaptability, and growing market demand. Despite this potential, limited economic assessments exist for Punjab. This study evaluates the economics of sweet potato cultivation in Sheikhupura District using primary data collected from 139 respondents through a field survey. Economic analysis was utilized to interpret the factors influencing production and profitability. The objectives were to estimate the cost of production, assess profitability, and identify measures to improve sweet potato production. Results show that farmers had an average of nine years of education and 22 years of farming experience, with 58.1% engaged full-time in agriculture. The average farm size was 5.32 acres, while the mean sweet potato area was 1.87 acres. Canal irrigation was the dominant water source (71%), and most farmers depended on rented tractors (71%). The total cost of cultivation was Rs. 442,851 per acre. Average output was 101.58 bags per acre (55 kg each), generating a gross income of Rs. 315,881. Net income amounted to Rs. 212,996 with land rent and Rs. 251,329 without land rent, confirming that sweet potato production is economically viable and profitable. Major constraints included high input and machinery costs, price fluctuations, and collusion among commission agents. The study recommends improving access to affordable inputs, strengthening farmers’ knowledge of modern production practices, and enhancing government-led price monitoring to support sustainable sweet potato production in Punjab.
The study examined the determinants of level of commercialization among horticultural crops (okra and maize) farmers in Southeast Nigeria. It specifically estimated the profitability of the two enterprises; and established the determinants of level of commercialization of the enterprises. Multistage and random sampling techniques were used to select 300 farmers, however 240 (120 maize and 120 okra) farmers with properly completed copies of the questionnaire were used in data collation. Primary data were collected by means of structured questionnaire, which were administered to the farmers by personal interview. The collected data were analyzed using budgetary method and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analysis. The result of enterprise budgeting indicated net return on investment values of 0.55 for maize and 0.73 for okra farmers. This implied that the two enterprises were profitable, however the okro enterprise was more profitable than the maize enterprise having returned 73kobo against the 55 kobo returned by the maize enterprise per Naira (100kobo) investment. The significant determinants of level of commercialization among the maize farmers were marital status, education, years of experience and union membership while those for okra farmers were quantity produced, gender, age, marital status and years of experience. Government in collaboration with private initiatives should ensure the provision of soft loans to the farmers to enable them operate at minimal cost and earn more profit.
U. A, Azubugwu, N. M· International journal of res...· 0 citations
This study analyzed the economics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in Auyo Local Government Area of Jigawa State, Nigeria. A total of 164 wheat farmers were selected using multistage sampling. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and cost - return analysis. The results revealed that the majority of respondents were male, aged 29–39 years, had secondary education, and had an average farm size of 0.97 hectares. Profitability analysis indicated a gross margin of ₦1,108,260.51 and a net farm income of ₦1,046,675.31 per hectare, with a return of ₦1.53 per naira invested. Major constraints identified include high fuel prices, high fertilizer costs, expensive irrigation facilities, untimely supply of subsidized inputs, transportation challenges, and pest and disease infestation. The study concludes that wheat production is a profitable enterprise despite prevailing production constraints. It recommends strengthening input subsidy programs, investing in irrigation infrastructure, improving access to credit, and enhancing extension service delivery to improve productivity and profitability.
Badamasi Suleiman, Baffa Abdullahi, B. Umar· Kaduna Journal of Geography· 0 citations
The study was conducted in Kano state, the overall aims of this study was to analyze the profitability of wheat production in Kano state. Multi-stage sampling procedure was employed for the study to select three out of seven Local Government Areas for this study. The L.G.As selected for this study were Kura, Bunkure and Bagwai. A total of 274 wheat farmers were interviewed. The data for this study were analyzed using descriptive statistic and farm budgeting techniques. The descriptive statistics results show the dominance of male farmers among wheat producers with a mean age of 46.01 years this shows that wheat producers are still agile and active in production, the Mean farming experience of the farmers was 15.17 years indicating that wheat production is an age-long venture in the study area and majority of the respondents obtain their production inputs directly from the market. However the Cost and returns associated with the use of different resources by the wheat farmers in the study area was determine through the use of Farm budgeting techniques, the total revenue for the production of wheat was ₦ 1,265,097.90 per hectare, while the total cost was ₦ 684,273.98 per hectare, given a Net Farm Income of ₦ 580,823.92 per hectare, indicating that wheat production is profitable in the study area. However, the result shows that 92% of the farmers agreed that High cost of production include inputs (labour, seed, fertilizers, and herbicides) was ranked first and most important constraint wheat farmers faced in the process of wheat production.
M. D. Muhammad, E. A. Ojoko, H. I. Ibrahim· FUDMA Journal of Renewable a...· 0 citations
Despite being an important food and cash crop in Nepal, commercialization of potato is limited. This study was conducted to identify the determinants of farmers’ willingness to grow potatoes on a commercial scale, as well as the encouraging and limiting factors, in Rupandehi district, Nepal. Employing a purposive random sampling, 120 farm households were selected from seven municipalities. Primary data were collected in 2025 through household surveys using a pretested semi-structured interview schedule, while Key Informant Interview (KII) and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) were conducted with selected participants. Descriptive statistics and a probit model were used for data analysis. The results revealed that farming experience, access to labor, landholding size and access to subsidy were key determinants that positively affected farmers’ willingness to commercialize potato cultivation, while age had a negative effect. Farmers reported better market access, availability of improved seeds, higher selling prices and financial support as major motivating factors for commercialization. Similarly, farmers reported risks of crop failure, lack of capital, small landholdings and unstable prices as major barriers. Thus, the study highlights the need for targeted policy actions such as providing timely access to quality inputs, expanding financial support, stabilizing market prices and promoting collective approaches to address landholding issues to enhance farmers’ involvement in commercial potato production.
Kriti Bhandari, S. Bhatta, B. P. Mishra· Nepalese Journal of Agricult...· 0 citations
Aquaculture has emerged as an important livelihood and food-security activity in Kalahandi district, Odisha, where drought-prone agriculture and limited rural income opportunities have encouraged diversification towards pond-based fish farming. This study analysed the cost structure, profitability and constraints associated with fish farming in the district. A total of 125 fish farmers were selected from Bhawanipatna, Narla and Dharamgarh blocks through stratified random sampling, and data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured and pre-tested schedule. The analysis used descriptive statistics, frequencies, percentages and the Cost-Benefit Ratio (CBR) to assess the economic viability of aquaculture. The findings show that fish farming in the study area is largely practised by young and relatively inexperienced farmers, with semi-intensive culture being the dominant production system. Most respondents operated small ponds, and many depended on seasonal or revenue ponds. The average CBR of 1.62 indicates that aquaculture was financially remunerative under the observed conditions. However, high feed costs, limited access to quality seed, insufficient technical knowledge, inadequate extension support, credit constraints, weak infrastructure and market-related challenges restricted productivity and profitability. The study suggests that strengthening hatchery development, improving input availability, expanding farmer training, simplifying credit access and enhancing market linkages may support more sustainable and profitable aquaculture in Kalahandi district.
Bharadwaj Bag, Rakhi Das, P. Tripathy et al.· Journal of Experimental Agri...· 0 citations
Common bean is one of the most important food and cash crops for the majority of smallholder farmers in Uganda. The crop is a significant source of protein, and its demand has grown due to the scarcity and high price of animal protein. Though the crop is grown to support livelihoods through food and income, Rwampara district is facing a problem of poor bean yield as production trends still suffer numerous setbacks which affect the crop’s growth and yield. The adoption of agro-ecological farming practices has been identified as one of the potential means to enhance bean yield. This study therefore assessed the effect of different agro-ecological farming practices on bean yield in Rwampara District. The study evaluated the different agro-ecological farming practices used in bean production. The study employed a cross-sectional research design. Data was gathered from 360 bean farmers and key informants using both questionnaires and interviews. Data was managed and analysed using SPSS version 20 to generate both descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings of the study revealed that agro-ecological farming practices such as local botanicals, compost manure application, water harvesting, cover cropping, and intercropping had a significant effect on bean yield. In contrast, practices like the use of animal manure, reduced tillage, and mulching showed negative effects, likely due to improper application or management practices. It is concluded that certain practices, including mulching, agroforestry, and intercropping, have achieved widespread adoption among farmers in the region. The study recommends that there is a need for robust extension services to educate farmers on the benefits and implementation of less adopted practices such as IPM and cover cropping. Training programs should be designed to demonstrate the practical benefits and provide hands-on experience with these methods.
Mathew Kwikiriza, Fina Opio, Doreen Atwongyeire et al.· East African Journal of Agri...· 0 citations
