2026· International journal of research and innovation in social science· 0 citations
Abstract
The study examined the determinants of level of commercialization among horticultural crops (okra and maize) farmers in Southeast Nigeria. It specifically estimated the profitability of the two enterprises; and established the determinants of level of commercialization of the enterprises. Multistage and random sampling techniques were used to select 300 farmers, however 240 (120 maize and 120 okra) farmers with properly completed copies of the questionnaire were used in data collation. Primary data were collected by means of structured questionnaire, which were administered to the farmers by personal interview. The collected data were analyzed using budgetary method and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analysis. The result of enterprise budgeting indicated net return on investment values of 0.55 for maize and 0.73 for okra farmers. This implied that the two enterprises were profitable, however the okro enterprise was more profitable than the maize enterprise having returned 73kobo against the 55 kobo returned by the maize enterprise per Naira (100kobo) investment. The significant determinants of level of commercialization among the maize farmers were marital status, education, years of experience and union membership while those for okra farmers were quantity produced, gender, age, marital status and years of experience. Government in collaboration with private initiatives should ensure the provision of soft loans to the farmers to enable them operate at minimal cost and earn more profit.
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is an important and profitable crop in Pakistan due to its nutritional value, adaptability, and growing market demand. Despite this potential, limited economic assessments exist for Punjab. This study evaluates the economics of sweet potato cultivation in Sheikhupura District using primary data collected from 139 respondents through a field survey. Economic analysis was utilized to interpret the factors influencing production and profitability. The objectives were to estimate the cost of production, assess profitability, and identify measures to improve sweet potato production. Results show that farmers had an average of nine years of education and 22 years of farming experience, with 58.1% engaged full-time in agriculture. The average farm size was 5.32 acres, while the mean sweet potato area was 1.87 acres. Canal irrigation was the dominant water source (71%), and most farmers depended on rented tractors (71%). The total cost of cultivation was Rs. 442,851 per acre. Average output was 101.58 bags per acre (55 kg each), generating a gross income of Rs. 315,881. Net income amounted to Rs. 212,996 with land rent and Rs. 251,329 without land rent, confirming that sweet potato production is economically viable and profitable. Major constraints included high input and machinery costs, price fluctuations, and collusion among commission agents. The study recommends improving access to affordable inputs, strengthening farmers’ knowledge of modern production practices, and enhancing government-led price monitoring to support sustainable sweet potato production in Punjab.
Hafeeza Noor, A. Adeel, Ather Mehmood et al.· Journal of Agribusiness and...· 0 citations
The study aimed at evaluating the agroforestry practices and access to incentives by farmers in Southwest Nigeria. The study adopted multistage sampling techniques to sample 465 smallholder arable farmers from Oyo, Ogun, and Osun States respectively. Moreover, primary data were collected using structured questionnaires and analysed using descriptive statistics and chi-square (χ²) test. The parameters for the study were agroforestry practices and farmers' access to incentives. The results of the study showed that majority of respondents (61.9%) were mostly men. Moreover, majority of the respondents (87.7%) were mostly engaged in farming activities on smallholder farms with a mean farm size of 7.85 ha. Additionally, majority of respondents (81.9%) were mostly practicing cultivation of multipurpose trees on cropland, taungya (71.0%), border tree planting (63.7%), alley cropping (63.2%), improved tree fallow (62.8%) and agrisilviculture (58.1%) and live fence (52.9%) were mostly used agroforestry practices. Furthermore, the results of the study revealed that there existed a significant association between agroforestry practices and farmers' access to incentives (p < 0.01). Finally, the study found that availability of incentives could positively influence adoption and utilization of diverse agroforestry practices.
Oluwole Olalekan Oke, T. Banmeke, A. Adeoye et al.· FUDMA Journal of Sciences· 0 citations
The study was conducted in Kano state, the overall aims of this study was to analyze the profitability of wheat production in Kano state. Multi-stage sampling procedure was employed for the study to select three out of seven Local Government Areas for this study. The L.G.As selected for this study were Kura, Bunkure and Bagwai. A total of 274 wheat farmers were interviewed. The data for this study were analyzed using descriptive statistic and farm budgeting techniques. The descriptive statistics results show the dominance of male farmers among wheat producers with a mean age of 46.01 years this shows that wheat producers are still agile and active in production, the Mean farming experience of the farmers was 15.17 years indicating that wheat production is an age-long venture in the study area and majority of the respondents obtain their production inputs directly from the market. However the Cost and returns associated with the use of different resources by the wheat farmers in the study area was determine through the use of Farm budgeting techniques, the total revenue for the production of wheat was ₦ 1,265,097.90 per hectare, while the total cost was ₦ 684,273.98 per hectare, given a Net Farm Income of ₦ 580,823.92 per hectare, indicating that wheat production is profitable in the study area. However, the result shows that 92% of the farmers agreed that High cost of production include inputs (labour, seed, fertilizers, and herbicides) was ranked first and most important constraint wheat farmers faced in the process of wheat production.
M. D. Muhammad, E. A. Ojoko, H. I. Ibrahim· FUDMA Journal of Renewable a...· 0 citations
The study assessed the training needs of cucumber farmers on agrochemical use in the Nsukka Agricultural Zone of Enugu State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was employed to select 120 cucumber farmers. Data were collected using a structured interview schedule and analysed using mean, standard deviation, and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that farmers had positive perceptions of agrochemical use, as reflected in statements such as "agrochemicals enhance rapid cucumber growth" (x̅= 4.85), "increase yield" (x̅= 4.79), and "reduce the drudgery associated with farm operations" (x̅= 4.77). Key training needs identified included determining the appropriate timing of agrochemical application (x ̅= 2.64), assessing the authenticity and quality of agrochemicals from retail outlets (x̅= 2.58), and selecting suitable agrochemicals for specific production practices (x̅= 2.58). Major constraints faced by the farmers were inadequate funds for purchasing agrochemicals (x̅= 2.90), high cost of agrochemicals (x̅ = 2.74), and weather-related challenges (x̅= 2.73). Age (t = 1.90) and membership in social organizations (t = 2.08) significantly influenced farmers’ use of agrochemicals. The study recommends that extension services, through the Enugu State Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, should intensify training programmes focusing on types of agrochemicals, their authenticity, and appropriate timing of application.
Ojo Oluwasegun Felix, O. Amaechi, Attamah Clement Okechukwu et al.· The Scientific World Journal· 0 citations
The research compared technical efficiency among smallholder rice farmers using local and improved seeds in North Central, Nigeria. A multi-stage random sampling to choose a total sample size of two hundred and thirty-four (234) rice farmers which comprises 88 and 146 smallholder farmers who cultivated local and improved rice seeds, respectively. Primary data were used for the study. The data were collected with the aid of well-structured questionnaire which was subjected to validity and reliability tests. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, stochastic production frontier model, and t-test statistics. The results show that the mean age of smallholder farmers utilizing local and improved rice seeds were 43 and 42 years, respectively. The average farm sizes were estimated at 2.00 and 1.99 hectares, respectively. The analysis indicates that farm size, fertilizer, and agrochemicals are significant predictors with a positive impact on rice yields for both local and improved seed users. Furthermore, the inefficiency model reveals that increased farming experience significantly enhances technical efficiency across both groups of smallholder farmers. The mean technical efficiency scores of smallholder farmers who cultivated local and improved rice seeds were 50.2% and 77.2%, respectively. This leaves an inefficiency gap of 49.8% and 22.8%, for improvement, respectively. The study recommends that credit facilities should be made available to rice farmers at low-interest rate devoid of bureaucratic processes. Improved rice seed and other farm inputs such as fertilizer should be made available to smallholder farmers at affordable prices to increase productivity and efficiency.
G. Sunday, O. Alabı, J. Ayoola· Nepalese Journal of Agricult...· 0 citations
This study examined the determinants of indigenous organic farming practices adoption among cassava farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select 90 cassava farmers from Kwara State Agricultural Development Programme (KWADP) Zone C. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. The results showed that 64.4% of the respondents were male, while 63.3% were within the economically active age range of 20–40 years. About 70.0% of the farmers had tertiary education, and 57.8% had household sizes of between 4–6 persons. Institutional characteristics revealed that 68.9% of the respondents were members of farmers’ associations, and majority of them 83.3% had access to extension services, most of them 71.1% had access to credit for farming activities. The logistic regression results indicated that education level (β = 0.683, p < 0.05), farming experience (β = 0.686, p < 0.05), access to extension services (β = 2.739, p < 0.01), access to credit (β = 2.645, p < 0.05), and membership of farmers’ associations (β = 1.231, p < 0.05) significantly influenced adoption of indigenous organic farming practices. Access to extension services increased the likelihood of adoption by over fifteen times. The study concludes that institutional support and farmers’ capacity-building are critical to enhancing indigenous organic farming adoption among cassava farmers. Strengthening extension delivery, improving credit access, and promoting farmers’ organizations are recommended to scale up sustainable cassava production in the study area.
