Effect of melatonin receptor gene polymorphism in body weight and dimension born local goats

Tikrit Journal

Complex combination of polymorphic variants of the OPN and IGF-1 genes in a cattle population

The article presents the results of a study on the combined genotypes of OPN (c.8514C/T) and IGF-1 (512T/C) genes in a population of Holstein heifers (n=202). The experiment was conducted at the Lenin Breeding Farm (Atninsky District, Republic of Tatarstan), and laboratory analyses were carried out at the Tatar Research Institute of Agriculture, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The relevance of the study is driven by the need to identify genetic markers associated with reproductive traits in cattle, as fertility indicators alongside milk productivity determine the economic efficiency of dairy farming. The OPN and IGF-1 genes are involved in the regulation of embryogenesis, implantation, folliculogenesis, and early embryonic development; however, their combined interaction remains insufficiently studied. Genotyping was performed using PCR-RFLP with restriction endonucleases BseI (for OPN ) and BstSNI (for IGF-1 ). The analysis revealed the presence of all nine possible combined genotype combinations, confirming the genetic heterogeneity of the studied population. The highest frequency was observed for the combined genotype CT/AB (29.7%), while the lowest frequencies were found for CC/BB (2.0%) and CC/AA (3.0%) by OPN / IGF-1 . A pattern of decreasing frequency of combined genotypes was established with an increasing number of homozygous loci. Comparison of the observed and theoretically expected distributions showed no statistically significant deviations (χ² = 4.67; p > 0.05), indicating independent allele combination of the studied genes and the absence of factors disrupting genetic equilibrium in the sample. The obtained data can be applied in breeding programs for marker-assisted selection of parental pairs, genetic passportization, and monitoring of the genetic structure of cattle populations.

Association of melatonin receptors type C (MTNR1C) gene polymorphism with layer economic traits in Rhode Island Red

Meena, R., Kumar, S., Bhanja, S.K., Chaudhary, C. and Aruna, T.S. 2024. Association of melatonin receptors type C (MTNR1C) gene polymorphism with layer economic traits in Rhode Island Red. Indian Journal of Poultry Science, 59(3): 375–378. The aim of this study was to assess allelic polymorphism of melatonin receptors type C (MTNR1C) gene and their association with layer economic traits in RIR chicken. Jugular vein was used to collect blood samples from 120 pullets belonging to two hatches. Data were recorded on age at sexual maturity (ASM), body weight at 20 and 40 week of age (BW20 & BW40), egg weight at 28 and 40 weeks of age (EW28 & EW40) and egg production at 40 week of age (EP40). Amplified product was digested with MobI restriction enzyme i.e. reveal the polymorphic pattern. Allele frequencies were observed as 0.29 (A) and 0.71 (B) and genotypic frequencies of AA, BB and AB genotype were 0.04, 0.46 and 0.5, respectively. A significant association was found of MTNR1C-RFLP genotype with ASM (P=0.10). The overall least squares means along with standard error of ASM, EW28, EW40 and EP40 were observed as 186.37±1.67 days, 41.69±00.29g, 48.87±00.21g and 51.06±1.33g respectively. The birds with AB genotype achieved earliest age at sexual maturity (171.42±5.34 days). This study suggested that MTNR1C locus AB RFLP genotype can be used as a potential marker to enhance age at sexual maturity in RIR birds.

Association of Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor (GHSR) Gene Polymorphisms with Performance Traits in Four Chicken Genotypes

Poultry farming is crucial to global food security, with particular significance in developing nations due to its affordability, efficiency, and contribution to rural livelihoods. This study evaluated morphological traits and genetic polymorphisms in the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) gene across four chicken genotypes: Normal Feather (NF), Frizzle Feather (FF), Naked Neck (NN), and Exotic (EX). A total of 100 day-old chicks were reared under controlled conditions, and growth performance traits, including body weight, height, body length, and shank length, were measured. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples, and the GHSR gene was amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The resulting PCR products were sequenced and analyzed to identify genetic polymorphisms. The results showed that the EX genotype significantly outperformed the indigenous genotypes (NF, FF, and NN) in all growth parameters. The highest level of genetic variation was observed in the EX chickens, followed by FF, NF, and NN genotypes. The EX genotype also exhibited the highest haplotype diversity (0.946 ± 0.006), whereas the highest nucleotide diversity was recorded in NF chickens (0.131 ± 0.0001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed two distinct clusters, with all indigenous genotypes grouped within the same major cluster, while the EX genotype formed a separate cluster. The lowest genetic distance was observed between the FF and NN chickens. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the GHSR gene were significantly associated with body weight, body length, and shank length, particularly in the EX genotype ( p <0.05). These findings suggest that SNP variation within the GHSR gene may serve as a useful basis for developing molecular markers to enhance growth performance, while also emphasizing the importance of maintaining genetic diversity in indigenous chicken populations.

ASSOCIATION OF FABP T3499A GENOTYPE WITH BODY MEASUREMENTS, TEMPERATURE, AND MILK PRODUCTION PARAMETERS IN IRAQI BUFFALOES

The study aimed to detect the genotype of the FABP gene T>A: 3499 in a sample of 41 buffaloes to investigate the relation between this genotype and several productive traits. The study was conducted from October 1st, 2024, to January 30th, 2025, at the Ruminant Research Station in Abu Ghraib. By detecting the genotype of the FABP gene at the T>A: 3499 site, two genotypes, TT and TA, were identified. Their distribution ratios were 80.49% and 19.51%, respectively (P≤0.01). The allelic frequencies for the T and A alleles were 0.90 and 0.10, respectively. Significant differences (P≤0.01) were found in body length, Heart girth, and body temperature during the 2nd month of the study. Regarding milk production and composition, the first month was represented by milk density, the 2nd month by the daily milk yield (DMY), and the 3rd by DMY and density. The TA genotype showed superiority over the TT genotype for heart girth, milk density in the first month, DMY in the 3rd month. In conclusion, the study of genetic structures in the FABP gene: T>A: 3499, the resulting changes can be used in the process of genetic improvement of Iraqi buffaloes performance.

Polymorphism of the CSN3 gene and its association with the blood biochemical profile in Holstein cattle

Molecular genetic markers, such as the polymorphism of the kappa-casein gene (CSN3), are a important tool for increasing the efficiency of dairy cattle breeding. The aim of this study was to investigate CSN3 polymorphism in a Holstein cattle population and to assess its associations with blood biochemical parameters reflecting the animals’ metabolic status. In the studied herd (146 animals), allele (A — 0,651, B — 0,349) and genotype frequencies were determined using the PCR-RFLP method: AB (47,9 %; 70 animals), AA (41,1 %; 60 animals), and BB (11,0 %; 16 animals). The results of the biochemical analysis for 12 blood serum parameters were statistically processed using t-test Student in the context of the identified genotypes. Significant associations of CSN3 polymorphism with the biochemical profile were revealed. Carriers of the B allele, especially those with the BB genotype, were characterized by a significantly higher level of protein metabolism indicators (total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine) and activity of enzymes from the classes of aminotransferases (AST, ALT) and hydrolases (alkaline phosphatase), as well as lower concentrations of bilirubin and glucose compared to animals with the AA genotype. The obtained data indicate more intensive metabolism and efficient liver function in cows with the B allele. The results confirm the pleiotropic effect of the CSN3 gene, linking the genetic variant not only to milk quality but also to the body’s metabolic profile. This substantiates the feasibility of using this gene as a marker for the comprehensive assessment and prediction of metabolic adaptation in Holstein cattle breeding programs. The work was carried out according to a state assignment, registration number 125031003428-9