Safety-Gated Multi-Band Sixth-Generation Vehicle-to-Everything Communication for Cooperative Autonomous Vehicles
TL;DR
The results show that a sub-6 GHz anchor with selective high-band duplication provides a good trade-off between latency, reliability and resource consumption.
Abstract
This research introduces a resource-conscious multi-band communication strategy for safety-sensitive collaborative messaging among autonomous cars utilizing sub-6 GHz, millimeter-wave, and sub-terahertz connections. A replicable Monte Carlo simulation assessed 120,000 urban-link instances encompassing communication ranges of 15–180 m, traffic densities of 10–120 vehicles/km, and precipitation rates of 0–35 mm/h. The model takes into account transmission, propagation, queuing, edge computing, shadowing, weather attenuation, obstruction, and recovery delays. The suggested policy was evaluated against fixed sub-6 GHz transmission, maximum-rate selection, RF-VLC-inspired link aggregation, and dynamic multi-connectivity. It duplicated 16.84% of packets, achieving a mean delay of 4.083 ms, a 95th percentile latency of 6.811 ms, and 99.298% delivery reliability within 10 ms. The dynamic multi-connectivity obtained 99.539% reliability but needed 26.31% duplication. The maximum-rate selection produced only 77.578% reliability due to blockage recovery. The results show that a sub-6 GHz anchor with selective high-band duplication provides a good trade-off between latency, reliability and resource consumption. These results are based on network-level simulations and do not prove road-safety certification or actual collision avoidance.