Functions of exogenous α-naphthaleneacetic acid and 6-benzylaminopurine in the macroalga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis revealed by transcriptomic analysis

Transcriptomic Analysis of Resveratrol and Polydatin Accumulation Associated with Crude Elicitors from the Endophytic Fungus Plectosphaerella sp. in Rumex gmelinii Turcz

Results suggest that J-G crude elicitor treatment may be a useful induction strategy for increasing resveratrol and polydatin accumulation in RGT sterile seedlings and provide candidate genes for future functional validation.

Biostimulatory Effect of 3-Acetonyl-3-Hydroxyoxindole on the Growth and Secondary Metabolites of Khaya senegalensis: UPLC–MS/MS Profiling and Molecular Docking Insights

Developing sustainable agricultural biostimulants that simultaneously optimize vegetative growth and specialized metabolic pathways is critical for maximizing plant growth, photosynthetic efficiency, and metabolome reprogramming. In this study, for the first time, the effects of the biostimulant 3-acetonyl-3-hydroxyoxindole (AHO) on plant growth, photosynthetic efficiency and metabolomics reprogramming were evaluated. The multifaceted effects of AHO (0, 1, 5, 10, and 20 µg/mL) applied via foliar application were evaluated via comprehensive morpho- physiological, UPLC–MS/MS metabolomic and computational docking approaches. AHO positively affects plant growth performance in a concentration-dependent manner. Foliar application at 20 µg/mL produced the maximum vegetative vigor and biomass accumulation, as well as the highest levels of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, total flavonoids, and indole contents, while the maximum value of total phenolics was 1 µg/mL. Substantial metabolic flux modulation was confirmed by UPLC–MS/MS profiling, which revealed that 10 µg/mL selectively accumulated chlorogenic acid and rutin, whereas 5 µg/mL preferentially enriched quercetin, quercitrin, limonin and catechin. These empirical metabolic responses are supported by computational docking models, which predict favorable structural interactions between AHO and key biosynthetic enzymes. Insights gained from these integrated morphological, physiological, metabolomic, and computational analyses indicate that AHO applications can effectively improve plant growth and biomass, increase the concentration of bioactive compounds, and enhance the accumulation of bioactive secondary metabolites within the plant.

Effects of methyl jasmonate on specialized metabolite accumulation and phenylpropanoid pathway gene expression in Codonopsis pilosula adventitious roots

Ethephon elicitation enhances biomass accumulation and phycobiliprotein production in Arthrospira platensis

Findings suggest that low-dose ethephon elicitation may be a simple strategy to enhance phycobiliprotein accumulation in Arthrospira platensis.

Orsellinic Acid from the Endophytic Fusarium oxysporum Drives Specialized Metabolism in Peperomia obtusifolia

The metabolic cooperation between plants and their endophytic fungi represents a promising frontier in the biosynthesis of natural products. This study elucidates the contribution of the endophytic fungus Fusarium oxysporum Po18 to the production of aromatic polyketides that drive specialized metabolism in Peperomia obtusifolia. Cultivation parameters for F. oxysporum were optimized using a Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD), revealing that mild temperatures (28 °C) and extended incubation (9 days) maximized orsellinic acid accumulation. LC–MS/MS identified orsellinic acid as [M–H]– at m/z 167.0356, with the diagnostic fragment ion m/z 122.8924, and quantified by HPLC–DAD, achieving a concentration of 132 μg/mL under optimized conditions. Comparative metabolomic analysis and molecular networking (GNPS) revealed related fungal metabolites, including lecanoric acid, 6-methylsalicylic acid, and citrinin, all derived from the fungal polyketide synthase (PKS) pathway. These metabolites are proposed to act as biosynthetic precursors for chroman and benzopyran derivatives previously reported in P. obtusifolia. The results provide the first experimental evidence of a biosynthetic partnership between Fusarium and Peperomia, in which the endophyte may supply aromatic scaffolds that could subsequently undergo downstream modifications in the host plant. This study expands the understanding of fungal–plant metabolic interactions and highlights F. oxysporum as a sustainable biotechnological source of aromatic polyketides with potential applications in natural product chemistry and biocatalysis.

Phase II Glycosylation of Metronidazole in Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) and Basil (Ocimum basilicum): Implications for Plant-Mediated Transformation and Environmental Risk

The findings expand the current understanding of plant-mediated phase II transformation of MNZ and highlight the importance of considering transformation products, in addition to the parent compound, when evaluating their environmental fate and potential ecological impact in soil-plant systems.