The state of cancer care for gastric cancer (C16) in Russia: a population-based analysis of survival and treatment effectiveness considering age and sex characteristics. Part 2 (clinical-population study)
It was found that one-year observed survival of GC patients increased from 37.4% (2000–2004) to 45.8% (2020–2022), an increase of 22.5%, and the necessity of integrating population-based cancer registries into official statistics is substantiated.
Abstract
The study is devoted to analyzing the dynamics of one-year and five-year survival rates of gastric cancer (GC) patients in the Northwestern Federal District of Russia (NWFD RF) at the population level, taking into account age and sex characteristics, as well as comparing real survival rates with official statistics data. The study used the database of the Population-Based Cancer Registry (PBCR) of the NWFD RF, containing 88,572 verified cases of GC for the period 2000–2022. Observed and relative survival were calculated using a modified Eurocare program. It was found that one-year observed survival of GC patients increased from 37.4% (2000–2004) to 45.8% (2020–2022), an increase of 22.5%. This indicator is higher in women (47.5%) than in men (44.5%). Five-year observed survival (calculated up to 2014) increased from 17.0% to 19.1%. Median survival reached 10.5 months in women and 9.3 months in men. In patients under 50 years of age, one-year survival was 56.3% versus 44.9% in patients aged 50 and older, which refutes the common belief about a more aggressive course of cancer in young people. A significant discrepancy was revealed between official data (Form No. 7) and actual indicators: the reported proportion of early stages (43.2% on average in the Russian Federation) is significantly overestimated, while the actual five-year survival for stage I does not exceed 70% (compared to the expected ≥90%). An improvement in the quality of morphological verification was noted: the proportion of cases without morphological confirmation decreased from 23.3% to 9.2%. In the histological structure, adenocarcinoma without further specification predominates (66.0%). Despite the positive dynamics of survival, the real effectiveness of gastric cancer treatment remains insufficient due to late diagnosis and distortion of reporting data. The necessity of integrating population-based cancer registries into official statistics is substantiated.
It has been demonstrated that the modern multi-step diagnostic algorithm (esophagogastroduodenoscopy with NBI, CT, endoscopic ultrasound, laparoscopy) represents a key reserve for further improving one-year survival and form the basis for reducing one-year mortality and increasing survival in patients with gastric cancer.
V. M. Merabishvili, A. Karachun, D. V. Nesterov et al.· Pharmacy Formulas· 0 citations
Background and Objectives: Relative survival, as an estimate of net survival, is considered a more appropriate measure than observed survival or cause-specific survival for analyzing survival based on population-based cancer registry data. This study aimed to estimate and compare the relative survival of patients diagnosed with breast and prostate cancers in Isfahan County, Iran.
Methods: Data on patients with prostate cancer (n = 2,992) and breast cancer (n = 6,606) registered in the population-based cancer registry of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences between 2014 and 2021 were obtained from the Health Deputy of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Mortality data from the Finland population were used as the standard population to calculate expected survival. Relative survival was estimated by dividing observed survival by expected survival using R software. Temporal trends in survival over time were analyzed using Join Point regression software, and observed survival was calculated using Stata software.
Results: In both breast and prostate cancers, relative survival decreased with increasing age during the first three years of follow-up. In breast cancer patients, relative survival in 2018 was 3.14% higher in the age group ≥75 years compared to the 60–74 age group. In prostate cancer, relative survival was 0.782 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of (0.75–0.81) in 2014, and increased with follow-up years, reaching 0.97 (95% CI: 0.908–1.30) in 2018. Join Point trend analysis showed that survival in both cancers had a downward slope in most age groups.
Conclusion: The study findings indicate that the observed changes in relative survival at older ages in breast and prostate cancers are likely due to the interaction of biological, clinical, and methodological factors. Therefore, age alone is not an independent prognostic indicator for cancer, and its interpretation requires consideration of other accompanying factors.
Maryam Moghimi, Zahra Ravankhah, Fotoohe Teymouri et al.· Iranian Journal of Epidemiol...· 0 citations
Timely assessment of 5-year relative survival (RS) is essential for evaluating gynecological cancer screening programs. This population-based study provides updated survival estimates for cervical (CC), endometrial (EC), and ovarian cancers (OC) in Taizhou, Eastern China.
Utilizing four cancer registries with high-quality data in Taizhou City, Eastern China, during 2004–2023 with follow-up through December 2023, we applied period analysis to calculate survival rates and model-based period analysis to project future trends.
Among 15,908 patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2023, the overall 5-year RS during 2019–2023 was 82.3%. The 5-year RS was 83.5% for CC, 90.7% for EC, and 65.1% for OC. Survival decreased substantially with increasing age and was higher in urban than rural areas. Survival improved across successive periods from 2009–2013 to 2019–2023 for all cancer types. Model-based projections estimated further increases in overall 5-year RS during 2024–2028. This study presents the application of period analysis to establish longitudinal survival benchmarks for gynecological cancers.
Using period analysis, we provided the most up-to-date 5-year RS for CC, EC, and OC in Taizhou, Eastern China, and also found sustained survival improvements over the past 15 years for these cancers, providing epidemiological support for optimizing local gynecological cancer screening, treatment and targeted cancer control policies.
This study provides a comprehensive nationwide analysis of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) in Hungary, examining incidence rates, demographic trends, treatment patterns, and survival outcomes. We used data from the National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) covering the period of 2013–2022, and we analyzed 8,104 ES-SCLC patients who received first-line (1L) etoposide-platinum (EP) chemotherapy, all of whom were confirmed to not have received concomitant chemoradiotherapy or curative thoracic surgery and had histology results in line with SCLC. We evaluated epidemiology, regional distribution, radiotherapy use, and subsequent treatment pathways. For the efficacy analysis, we narrowed the cohort to 5,576 patients who initiated EP within 1 year of their first C34-coded lung cancer diagnosis between 2013 and 2019, enabling 3-year follow-up. Key endpoints included overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), the latter of which was inferred using time to first subsequent therapy (TFST). Our results revealed a shifting age distribution toward the age group above 70 years, while the male-to-female ratio gradually evened out. Treatment patterns showed the increasing use of carboplatin over cisplatin and frequent short course radiotherapy. Among those who underwent subsequent therapy, EP rechallenge was most widespread. Despite high initial response rates, survival outcomes remained poor: median PFS was 6.5 months (6-month: 52.9%, 1-year: 19%, 3-year: 5.2%), and median OS was 9.3 months (6-month: 69.8%, 1-year: 37.5%, 3-year: 9.2%). These results were in line with international real-world evidence and clinical trial data. Our findings highlight the aggressive nature of ES-SCLC and provide insight to the limited efficacy of chemotherapy-based therapies, underscoring the need to improve existing 1L and subsequent-line treatments and to introduce novel options. As Hungary transitions into the immunotherapy era, future studies with extended follow-up that incorporate staging, radiotherapy intent, comorbidities, and progression data will be essential for optimizing therapeutic strategies.
K. Bogos, A. Bajcsay, Gabriella Gálffy et al.· Pathology oncology research...· 0 citations
Population-based cancer registries are essential tools for monitoring the burden of childhood cancer and guiding evidence-based public health policies. In pediatric oncology, long-term registry data are particularly valuable for evaluating survival trends, identifying inequities, and informing health system strengthening. The Argentina Oncopediatric Registry (ROHA), established in 2000, provides a unique framework for evaluating long-term trends in childhood cancer incidence, survival, and mortality.
We analyzed population-based data from ROHA for children aged 0–14 years diagnosed with cancer(2000-2022).Incidence was calculated using age-standardized rates (ASR). Overall survival(OS) was estimated using standard survival analysis techniques and evaluated by calendar period, tumor group, geographic region, and Human Development Index (HDI). National mortality data were obtained from the National Statistical Office. Adolescents aged 15–19 years were excluded due to incomplete registry coverage.
During the study period, 31,241 childhood cancer cases were registered, corresponding to an incidence ASR of 131 cases/million children per year, which remained stable over time. Five-year OS improved substantially, increasing from 59.7% in 2000–2004 to approximately 70% in the most recent period. The largest survival gains were observed for leukemias and central nervous system tumors. However, improvements slowed in recent years, and marked disparities persist by tumor type, geographic region, and Human Development Index level. The national age-standardized childhood cancer mortality rate per 100,000 children was 3.73 in 2021–2022 and showed a declining trend over the study period, consistent with improvements in overall survival.
Over the past 25 years, Argentina has achieved meaningful progress in childhood cancer survival while maintaining stable incidence rates. Argentina's survival estimates are among the highest reported in Latin America; however, important regional and socioeconomic disparities persist. Integrating high-quality registry data with national cancer policies, social protection mechanisms, and strategies to strengthen clinical support—through the Childhood and Adolescent Cancer Protection Law and the Unique Pediatric Oncology Certificate—offers a model to improve equity, quality of care, and outcomes in Argentina and similar middle-income settings.
Florencia Moreno, M. Chaplin, Mariana Nana et al.· Frontiers in Cancer Control...· 0 citations
In conclusion between 2010 and 2022, prostate cancer incidence in Shahroud and Meyami showed no statistically significant change and should not be interpreted as evidence of epidemiological stability given the limited statistical power and the absence of systematic PSA screening in Iran.
Abolfazl Emamian, M. Fateh, Zahra Kordi et al.· Scientific Reports· 0 citations
