The state of oncological care for gastric cancer (C16) in Russia: epidemiology, structure, mortality, and diagnostic opportunities. Part 1 (Clinical-population study)
It has been demonstrated that the modern multi-step diagnostic algorithm (esophagogastroduodenoscopy with NBI, CT, endoscopic ultrasound, laparoscopy) represents a key reserve for further improving one-year survival and form the basis for reducing one-year mortality and increasing survival in patients with gastric cancer.
Abstract
The study analyzes one-year and year-by-year mortality, the detailed localization and histological structure of gastric cancer (GC) based on the population-based cancer registry of the NorthWestern Federal District of the Russian Federation (PCR NWFD RF) in comparison with official state reporting, as well as the role of modern diagnostic approaches in improving survival rates. A systematic underestimation of one-year mortality in official Form No. 7 (40.0% in Russia and 42.7% in the NWFD RF, 2023) is demonstrated relative to the PCR NWFD RF data, where the verified rate was 54.2% (2020–2022). Over the entire observation period, one-year mortality according to the registry decreased from 62.6% to 54.2%; year-by-year mortality is gradually declining, yet even after 15 years only 7.7–24.3% of patients survive. The detailed localization structure of GC remains relatively stable; an almost twofold reduction in the proportion of unspecified localizations (C16.9 — from 41.2% to 22.3%) was observed. One-year observed survival for C16 reached 45.8%, and for cancer of the gastric body (C16.2) — 53.5%, which exceeds the European average. Despite a stable histological structure, the discipline of morphological verification improved substantially: the proportion of cases without histological confirmation fell from 23.3% (2000–2004) to 9.2% (2020–2022). It has been demonstrated that the modern multi-step diagnostic algorithm (esophagogastroduodenoscopy with NBI, CT, endoscopic ultrasound, laparoscopy) represents a key reserve for further improving one-year survival. An objective assessment of oncological care for GC requires the mandatory use of PCR data extracted no earlier than one year after the end of the reporting period. Calculations of year-by-year mortality, detailed localization and histological structure with assessment of observed survival, which are unique for Russia, are performed only in the NWFD RF. Improving the quality of primary registration and the widespread implementation of modern diagnostic and staging methods form the basis for reducing one-year mortality and increasing survival in patients with gastric cancer.
It was found that one-year observed survival of GC patients increased from 37.4% (2000–2004) to 45.8% (2020–2022), an increase of 22.5%, and the necessity of integrating population-based cancer registries into official statistics is substantiated.
V. M. Merabishvili, A. Karachun, A. M. Belyaev et al.· Pharmacy Formulas· 0 citations
Ikutsk Oblast is characterized by a consistently high incidence of UM, accompanied by a favorable stage distribution and low mortality, reflecting both the biological and geographic features of the region and an adequate level of organization of ophthalmic oncology care.
Timely assessment of 5-year relative survival (RS) is essential for evaluating gynecological cancer screening programs. This population-based study provides updated survival estimates for cervical (CC), endometrial (EC), and ovarian cancers (OC) in Taizhou, Eastern China.
Utilizing four cancer registries with high-quality data in Taizhou City, Eastern China, during 2004–2023 with follow-up through December 2023, we applied period analysis to calculate survival rates and model-based period analysis to project future trends.
Among 15,908 patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2023, the overall 5-year RS during 2019–2023 was 82.3%. The 5-year RS was 83.5% for CC, 90.7% for EC, and 65.1% for OC. Survival decreased substantially with increasing age and was higher in urban than rural areas. Survival improved across successive periods from 2009–2013 to 2019–2023 for all cancer types. Model-based projections estimated further increases in overall 5-year RS during 2024–2028. This study presents the application of period analysis to establish longitudinal survival benchmarks for gynecological cancers.
Using period analysis, we provided the most up-to-date 5-year RS for CC, EC, and OC in Taizhou, Eastern China, and also found sustained survival improvements over the past 15 years for these cancers, providing epidemiological support for optimizing local gynecological cancer screening, treatment and targeted cancer control policies.
RCC mortality in Brazil demonstrates age- and region-specific heterogeneity at the population level, and surgical data reveal persistent disparities in access to oncological surgical treatment within the public sector.
Pedro Victor Miranda De Oliveira, Heveline R. M. Roesch, N. Avilez et al.· ONCOLOGIE· 0 citations
INTRODUCTION
Demographic, socioeconomic and environmental factors, including infections, vaccination and healthcare availability, may influence the spectrum of renal diseases.
OBJECTIVES
This study examines trends in biopsy-confirmed kidney disease in adult Polish population (2011-2023), with emphasis on shifts during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed 1,662 first native kidney biopsies performed in residents of the Lodz voivodeship (population: 2 million). Clinical and histopathological data were stratified by age, sex, and time period (pre-COVID, COVID, post-COVID) and compared with those reported by the same center in 1990-2010.
RESULTS
Between 2011 and 2023, biopsy frequency increased from 43.9 to 102.2 per million population, with a temporary decline during COVID and a significant rise afterwards. The proportion of older patients increased, while nephrotic-range proteinuria became a less common biopsy indication. During COVID, patients presented with poorer renal function, and had higher rates of acute kidney disease. IgA nephropathy (IgAN) was the most frequent diagnosis (17.4%), with its proportion increasing during and after COVID, followed by focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS, 16.3%), membranous nephropathy (9.4%) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD, 8.0%). Minimal change disease frequency declined, other nephropathies remained stable, and a relative rise in tubulointerstitial disorders was observed. Compared with 1990-2010, the annual number of biopsies more than tripled, with a markedly older patient population and increased frequencies of FSGS, DKD and crescentic glomerulonephritis or necrotizing vasculitis.
CONCLUSIONS
Over three decades, biopsy frequency in the Lodz Voivodeship has increased, particularly among older adults, with IgAN becoming the most common diagnosis.
Maja Nowicka, M. Wagrowska-Danilewicz, Michał Olkowski et al.· Polish Archives of Internal...· 0 citations
This study provides a comprehensive nationwide analysis of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) in Hungary, examining incidence rates, demographic trends, treatment patterns, and survival outcomes. We used data from the National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) covering the period of 2013–2022, and we analyzed 8,104 ES-SCLC patients who received first-line (1L) etoposide-platinum (EP) chemotherapy, all of whom were confirmed to not have received concomitant chemoradiotherapy or curative thoracic surgery and had histology results in line with SCLC. We evaluated epidemiology, regional distribution, radiotherapy use, and subsequent treatment pathways. For the efficacy analysis, we narrowed the cohort to 5,576 patients who initiated EP within 1 year of their first C34-coded lung cancer diagnosis between 2013 and 2019, enabling 3-year follow-up. Key endpoints included overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), the latter of which was inferred using time to first subsequent therapy (TFST). Our results revealed a shifting age distribution toward the age group above 70 years, while the male-to-female ratio gradually evened out. Treatment patterns showed the increasing use of carboplatin over cisplatin and frequent short course radiotherapy. Among those who underwent subsequent therapy, EP rechallenge was most widespread. Despite high initial response rates, survival outcomes remained poor: median PFS was 6.5 months (6-month: 52.9%, 1-year: 19%, 3-year: 5.2%), and median OS was 9.3 months (6-month: 69.8%, 1-year: 37.5%, 3-year: 9.2%). These results were in line with international real-world evidence and clinical trial data. Our findings highlight the aggressive nature of ES-SCLC and provide insight to the limited efficacy of chemotherapy-based therapies, underscoring the need to improve existing 1L and subsequent-line treatments and to introduce novel options. As Hungary transitions into the immunotherapy era, future studies with extended follow-up that incorporate staging, radiotherapy intent, comorbidities, and progression data will be essential for optimizing therapeutic strategies.
K. Bogos, A. Bajcsay, Gabriella Gálffy et al.· Pathology oncology research...· 0 citations