Uveal Melanoma: A Preliminary Analysis of Incidence in Irkutsk Oblast, 2023 -- 2025, and Potential Causes of Elevated Rates Compared to Global and National Data

The state of oncological care for gastric cancer (C16) in Russia: epidemiology, structure, mortality, and diagnostic opportunities. Part 1 (Clinical-population study)

It has been demonstrated that the modern multi-step diagnostic algorithm (esophagogastroduodenoscopy with NBI, CT, endoscopic ultrasound, laparoscopy) represents a key reserve for further improving one-year survival and form the basis for reducing one-year mortality and increasing survival in patients with gastric cancer.

The state of cancer care for gastric cancer (C16) in Russia: a population-based analysis of survival and treatment effectiveness considering age and sex characteristics. Part 2 (clinical-population study)

It was found that one-year observed survival of GC patients increased from 37.4% (2000–2004) to 45.8% (2020–2022), an increase of 22.5%, and the necessity of integrating population-based cancer registries into official statistics is substantiated.

Colorectal cancer incidence in Siberia and the Far East

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the incidence of colon cancer in the Siberian (SFD) and Far Eastern Federal Districts (FEFD) for 2019–2024. MATERIALS AND METHODS: a retrospective descriptive study of depersonalized data on the incidence of colorectal cancer (colon (C18), rectosigmoid junction (C19), rectum, anus and anal canal (C20-21) — ICD-10 codebook) was conducted for the period from January 2019 to December 2024 according to absolute data (the number of malignant neoplasms detected for the first time in life (table 2000) taking into account gender and age) of reporting forms No. 7 “Information on malignant neoplasms” of the subjects of the Siberian Federal District and the Far Eastern Federal District. Population data by gender and age for federal district subjects were provided by the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation. Standardized (world standard SEGI per 100,000 population (0/0000)) and age-specific incidence rates were calculated for 2019–2021 and 2022-2024. Differences in rates between periods were assessed using 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: in the structure of morbidity, colorectal cancer (CRC) consistently ranks 3rd among both men (12.0 and 11.1% in the Siberian Federal District and the Far Eastern Federal District) and women (11.5 and 10.8%). In the Siberian Federal District, standardized incidence rates when comparing 2019–2021 and 2022–2024 increased in the male population from 34.8 (95% CI 34.2–35.4) to 40.4 (95% CI 39.7–41.1) 0/0000 and in the female population from 24.4 (95% CI 24.0–24.9) to 26.7 (95% CI 26,2–27.1) 0/0000. In the Far Eastern Federal District — from 29.5 (95% CI 28.7–30.4) to 33.0 (95% CI 32.1–33.9) 0/0000 and from 22.3 (95% CI 21.7–22.9) to 24.4 (95% CI 23.8–25.1) 0/0000. In the Siberian Federal District, an increase in the incidence of CRC in men and women is observed after 45 years of age. The peak incidence occurs at 75–79 years, reaching 420.2 0/0000 in men and 252.0 0/0000 in women. In the FEFD, among men, the incidence increase is observed after age 50, with a peak at 75–79 years (377.3 0/0000); among women, after age 55, with the highest age-specific rate at 75–79 years (249.3 0/0000). CONCLUSION: analysis of colorectal cancer incidence in the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts revealed an increase in rates among both sexes, with the highest values in age groups over 70 years, which indicates the relevance of introducing territorially adapted colon cancer screening programs, with a focus on high-risk groups taking into account age.

Trend dynamics of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and primary ocular adnexal lymphoma incidence in the United States from 1992 to 2021 using age-period-cohort and joinpoint analysis.

BACKGROUND This U.S. population-based study analyzed incidence trends of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and its subtype, primary ocular adnexal lymphoma (POAL), from 1992 to 2021, and explored their underlying drivers. METHODS Data were extracted from the SEER-12 registries. Joinpoint regression identified significant changes in age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR). Age-period-cohort (APC) modeling estimated net drifts, local drifts, age curves, and period/cohort relative risks. Sex-stratified analyses were performed. RESULTS Both NHL and POAL exhibited a biphasic incidence pattern: an initial increase followed by a decline. NHL incidence peaked in 2009 (ASIR: 28.4 per 100,000, annual percent change: 0.41%, P < 0.001) and subsequently declined to 24.94 per 100,000 by 2021 (annual percent change: -1.04%, P < 0.001). POAL incidence rose until 2003 (ASIR: 0.46 per 100,000, annual percent change: 3.19%, P = 0.01) and then decreased to 0.30 per 100,000 (annual percent change: -2.41%, P < 0.001). APC analysis revealed similar age effects (increased risk with age) for both cancers, but significant divergences in period and cohort effects. Period effects strongly influenced POAL risk, while NHL risk was additionally shaped by birth cohort exposures. Notably, sex disparities were evident in NHL, with higher incidence and distinct cohort effects in males, whereas no significant sex difference was observed in POAL. CONCLUSIONS Despite similar biphasic incidence trends, NHL and POAL differed in their underlying temporal dynamics: age effects were similar for both diseases, whereas period and cohort effects differed substantially. Sex disparities were present in NHL but not in POAL. These findings highlight the need for subtype-specific approaches in lymphoma epidemiology.

Non-cancer causes of death for patients with mycosis fungoides or Sézary syndrome from 2000 to 2020: a US population-based analysis of SEER patient data

Histopathological Differences Between De Novo and Nevus-Associated Melanoma

Background/Objectives: Cutaneous melanoma arises de novo in the majority of cases; 20–30% develop from pre-existing nevi. Differentiating nevus-associated melanoma (NAM) from de novo melanoma (DNM) is important for understanding melanomagenesis, risk stratification, and prognostic assessment. The objective of this study was to compare the demographic, clinical, and histopathological characteristics of NAM and DNM in a large single-institution retrospective cohort. Methods: A retrospective, longitudinal, observational study was conducted at the Department of Pathological Anatomy, Cluj-Napoca County Emergency Clinical Hospital (2015–2025). Of the 729 initially identified cases, 580 patients with histopathologically confirmed cutaneous melanoma and complete clinical records were included. Analyses comprised Mann–Whitney U and chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression (p < 0.05). Results: DNM constituted 78.6% (n = 456) and NAM 21.4% (n = 124) of cases. DNM patients were significantly older (median 66 vs. 56 years; p < 0.001). NAM was predominantly located on the trunk (63.7% vs. 45.2%; p = 0.0006), whereas DNM showed greater involvement of the head/neck and upper extremities. Superficial spreading melanoma was more frequent in NAM (79.8% vs. 62.5%; p = 0.004); nodular melanoma was more common in DNM (22.6% vs. 10.5%), and lentigo maligna was exclusive to DNM. DNM demonstrated greater Breslow thickness (median 2.0 vs. 1.25 mm; p = 0.021), more advanced Clark level (p = 0.040), and higher mitotic rate (median 3 vs. 2/mm2; p = 0.049). On multivariate logistic regression, older age (OR = 1.03; 95% CI: 1.02–1.05; p < 0.001) and head/neck localisation (OR = 2.73; 95% CI: 1.39–5.39; p = 0.004) were independent predictors of DNM; histopathological aggressiveness markers did not retain independent significance after adjustment. Conclusions: Although DNM presents with more aggressive histopathological features, these characteristics are driven primarily by patient age and anatomical location rather than an inherent de novo aggressive phenotype, suggesting that observed differences largely reflect cumulative sun-damage pathways and patient demographics.