Aug 2026· HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders· 0 citations· 12 references
TL;DR
There is an urgent need to improve organizational approaches to the organization of screening aimed at early detection of TB among older age groups of the population in Russia, the Central Federal District and the Yaroslavl region.
Abstract
The аim
. To study the incidence of tuberculosis and the formation of its structure among the elderly in Russia, the Central Federal District and the Yaroslavl Region, in dynamics for 2014–2023.
Materials and methods
. Data from the Federal statistical observation form No. 8 and Rosstat data on the population of Russia, for 2014–2023. The Statistica 15.0 software and spreadsheets in Excel 2019 format were used for the analysis. The differences were recognized as significant at a value of p<0.05.
Results and discussion
. Despite the decrease in the incidence of TB in 2014–2023 in Russia, the Central Federal District and the Yaroslavl Region, the proportion of patients aged 65 years and older in the structure of newly diagnosed TB patients increased 1.5–1.9 times during this time. Respiratory TB prevailed among patients of this age group, and the proportion of extrapulmonary forms of TB in Russia and the Central Federal District did not exceed 6–7%, and in the Yaroslavl region in 2020, 2022, 2023, not a single patient with extrapulmonary forms of TB was identified. This situation indicates a decrease in alertness among doctors of various specialties regarding the detection and diagnosis of extrapulmonary forms of TB among the elderly. The detection of common forms of TB with bacterial excretion in half of patients aged 65 years and older, both in Russia, the Central Federal District and the Yaroslavl region, indicates serious shortcomings in the organization of screening among the older age groups of the population. The late diagnosis of TB and the high epidemic risk of TB spread among the elderly are also indicated by the increase in the proportion of postmortem TB cases, which increased by an average of 1.5 times in Russia and the Central Federal District from 2014 to 2023, and ranged from 0 to 14.8% in the Yaroslavl Region.
Conclusion
. Currently, in Russia, the Central Federal District and the Yaroslavl region, there is a shift in the epidemic process towards older age groups, which indicates the increasing importance of the cohort of elderly patients in the formation of the TB incidence rate. In this regard, there is an urgent need to improve organizational approaches to the organization of screening aimed at early detection of TB among older age groups of the population.
The analysis of the incidence of tuberculosis among children and adolescents in Poltava region determined that in Poltava region the incidence of tuberculosis is increasing, the largest increase was observed in the age group of 15–17 years, and in the same age group there was a significant exceeding the national prevalence of active forms of tuberculosis.
N. O. Liakhova, I. Holovanova, T. S. Buria et al.· Україна. Здоров'я нації· 0 citations
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) continues to persist being the most important cause of death and disability in developing countries. Prioritizing the analysis of the current situation is the most effective approach to managing and intervening in any health issue. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the epidemiological patterns of TB in Babol City over seven years. Methods: This study was performed from 2015 to 2021. For data collection, the information of all cases of TB patients registered in the system of the Tuberculosis Inventory of the health department of Babol Medical Sciences was examined. Results: A total of 307 individuals diagnosed with TB were included in the study. More than 60 percent were under 50 years old and the highest number was observed in the 30-39 years old age group. Most of the patients were males (67.4%) and more than 90% were new cases of TB. 73.9% were pulmonary patients and 85.9% were smear-positive. The prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) had a notable decline, dropping from 7.05 per 100,000 individuals in 2015 to 5.26 per 100,000 individuals in 2021, which indicates a significant decreasing trend (P=0.012). Besides, there was a relationship between the type of disease (pulmonary/non-pulmonary) and age, gender, BMI, case of disease and history of TB-related hospitalization (p<0.05). Conclusion: The trends and factors identified in this study can enhance public awareness, reduce risk factors, and support effective patient screening programs. Additionally, these findings can help health policymakers assess regional disease status and develop future strategies.
Amir Ghorbanzade, M. Javanian, Mohsen Karami et al.· Caspian Journal of Internal...· 0 citations
Objective.
To classify the municipalities of Irkutsk Region based on the level of tuberculosis (TB) epidemiological situation in children and adolescents.
Materials and м
ethods.
An assessment of clinical-epidemiological indicators of TB was conducted in 33 municipalities of Irkutsk Region in children, adolescents and adult, using data from forms No. 8 and No. 33 of the Federal Statistical Observation for 2020–2024, employing cluster analysis.
Results.
A decline in TB incidence and prevalence is observed across all age groups in the Irkutsk Region, alongside uneven coverage of immunodiagnostics and fluorographic screening. Three groups of medical organizations in the Irkutsk Region were identified, differing in the incidence rates among children (p = 0.02) and the adult population (p < 0.001), including cases involving bacterial excretion (p < 0.001), lung destruction (p < 0.001), and fibro-cavernous TB (p < 0.001), as well as in TB mortality rates (p = 0.02). Differences were also noted regarding the proportion of children who completed a course of chemoprophylaxis (p = 0.04) and the average number of contacts identified at infection foci (p = 0.04).
S. Zhdanova, E. Zorkaltseva, A. V. Zorkaltsev· Tuberculosis and socially si...· 0 citations
With a decrease in the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) observed in Russia and 2/3 of the subjects of the Russian Federation (RF) in recent years, the organization of mass periodic examinations aimed at early detection of TB among the population has become less effective, since to identify one TB patient it was necessary to examine an increasing number of people who had no signs of TB disease.
In this regard, in the regions of the Russian Federation where the incidence of TB is steadily decreasing, examinations should focus on those population groups that have an increased risk of TB disease.
Objective: development of an organizational and functional model aimed at early detection of tuberculosis among the population and in high-risk groups, in conditions of reducing the incidence of tuberculosis.
Materials and methods. Information from Federal statistical observation forms No. 8 and No. 30 and Rosstat population data for the Kaluga Region for 2019–2024. For mapping and cluster analysis, the general distribution of TB cases (n=459) identified in municipal districts (n=26) of the Kaluga Region in 2019–2023 was studied. Mapping and spatial analysis were carried out using QGIS,
a free and open Source geographic Information System, v. 3.36.1 (https://qgis.org/ru/site /) and Statistica, a software package for statistical analysis developed by StatSoft, copyright holder TIBCO (USA) (https://www.tibco.com /). The StatTech v program was used for the analysis.2.8.8 (developed by Stattech LLC, Russia). The differences were considered significant when the value was <0.05.
Results. To organize early detection of TB among the population and in high-risk groups in the subjects of the Russian Federation, where the incidence of TB is steadily decreasing, an organizational and functional model (OFM) was developed, which is an integrated
organizational structure in which all elements of interdisciplinary interaction between the TB service and medical organizations providing primary health care are interconnected, starting with the planning of inspections using methods of cartographic and cluster analysis, and before their implementation using organizational measures of a multi-level complex. The results of the implementation of OFM organizational measures in the Kaluga Region in 2023–2024 have shown their high effectiveness, due to a significant increase in the coverage of examinations of the population and high-risk groups, and an increase in the proportion of timely identified TB patients in high-risk groups, which led to a significant reduction in the reservoir of TB infection in the Kaluga region.
Conclusion. The development and implementation of an organizational and functional model in the subjects of the Russian Federation, where the incidence of TB is steadily decreasing, has made it possible to increase the effectiveness of periodic examinations aimed at early detection of TB among the population and in high–risk groups.
I. Lapshina, E. Tsybikova, M. Kotlovskiy· Manager Zdravookhranenia· 0 citations
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most significant public health challenges, and monitoring its long-term trends is essential for evaluating the effectiveness of disease control programs. This study aimed to assess the 30-year trend of TB prevalence and disease burden in Iran from 1994 to 2023. Methods: This ecological descriptive study was conducted using data from the Global Burden of Disease study. Indicators of TB prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in Iran, the Eastern Mediterranean Region, and globally were extracted and analyzed as age-standardized rates per 100,000 population. Temporal trends were assessed using the Joinpoint regression model and the average annual percent change (AAPC), with a significance level set at 0.05. Results: The findings indicated a decreasing trend in both DALYs and TB prevalence, with AAPCs of −4.50 and −0.39, respectively (P <0.001). In subgroups, both DALYs and prevalence of drug-susceptible TB showed declining trends, whereas multidrug-resistant TB and extensively drug-resistant TB demonstrated increasing trends (P <0.001). Conclusion: Although the overall burden of TB in Iran has declined over the past three decades, the rising trend of drug-resistant forms highlights the continued need for strengthened early detection, surveillance of drug resistance, and targeted treatment strategies.
Yaser Sarikhani, Aida Nankalipour· journal of Health Research a...· 0 citations
This article analyzes the statistical indicators of ear disease morbidity in the Republic of
Uzbekistan for the period of 2016–2024. The study examines the overall prevalence of ear diseases,
as well as their dynamics by age groups and regions. The obtained results showed that morbidity rates
varied over the years; although an increase was observed in certain periods, the overall trend tended
to decline. A particularly sharp increase in morbidity was recorded among adolescents aged 15–17 in
2021. According to the results of the regional analysis, relatively high growth rates of ear diseases
were observed in Samarkand and Kashkadarya regions. At the same time, a decreasing trend in
morbidity was identified in Bukhara, Syrdarya, and Jizzakh regions. The findings of the study
substantiate the need to strengthen scientific and practical measures aimed at early detection of ear diseases, improvement of preventive measures, and effective provision of patients with medicines.
Sh. Z. Umarova, Guzal Karabaeva· Pharmacy and Pharmacology· 0 citations