WildFab: Multi-Axis 3D Printing from Models in the Wild

Abstract

Multi-axis 3D printing enables support-free fabrication and improved part quality, but robustly processing real-world geometries remains challenging. Models from design workflows or direct data acquisition often contain solid--shell combinations and non-manifold structures. Handling such models in the wild typically requires time-consuming geometry repair, which may alter the intended geometry. In this work, we present WildFab, a computational framework for multi-axis 3D printing that directly computes spatial toolpath and global collision-free motion from input models. Our pipeline builds on a hybrid query representation that combines a neural unsigned distance field (UDF) with a regularized generalized winding number field (reg-GWN). The UDF supplies differentiable surface-distance and direction queries, while the reg-GWN resolves near-surface ambiguity in the fitted UDF by providing reliable surface localization and a solid-void indicator. Based on this representation, we introduce a high-precision spatial toolpath computation algorithm that iteratively projects points between optimized guidance-field level sets and reg-GWN gradient-magnitude ridges. Subsequently, we develop an efficient and robust coarse-to-fine collision checking scheme for motion planning: UDF-based rejection first identifies potential collisions, while time-varying reg-GWN verification accurately resolves collision pairs for both solid and shell components. We validate WildFab on diverse inputs, demonstrating successful computation from non-manifold parametric surfaces, voxelized topology-optimization results, implicit models, raw scanned point clouds, and non-watertight meshes. The fabrication results highlight our method's ability to advance end-to-end design-to-3DP workflows.