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17,191 papers

#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Online Quantile Omniprediction for Proper Losses

The task of constructing a predictor that is simultaneously accurate under multiple evaluation metrics has been popularized recently under the name omniprediction. Prior work in this area has largely focused on binary prediction tasks, and existing results for multiclass and continuous outcomes typically suffer from sl...

Hyunsuk Kim, Isaac Gibbs, Michael W. Mahoney et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Ranking and Partitioning of Attention Heads for Sparse and Continual Reinforcement Learning Fine-tuning

We study sparse and continual reinforcement learning fine-tuning of language models through attention-head ranking and partitioning. For sparse learning, we rank attention heads by gradient norm to identify a small subset of heads that can be trained effectively. For continual learning, we partition heads across tasks...

Rui-Zhe Shi, Zai-Wen Yang, Qiu-Bo Wang et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Spectrum Is Not Enough: A Random-Matrix Account of Data-Free Preconditioning for Differentially Private Learning

Data-free preconditioning builds the Kronecker factors of KFAC from synthetic probes instead of private data. DP-KFC validates a probe by matching the eigenvalue decay of the private factors; we turn this criterion into a random-matrix account of what a probe can reconstruct. A single dichotomy organizes it: in the fac...

Shilin Zhang, Kangning Wang · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

PocketTSLM: Deploying an On-Device Soft-Prompt Time-Series Language Model for Privacy-Preserving Smartphone Reasoning

Consumer phones and wearables increasingly collect physiological time-series data, yet most mobile systems treat these streams as summaries or text rather than as temporal evidence. This representation is poorly matched to personal health systems that need to retrieve, route, or summarize sensor evidence while preservi...

Max Rosenblattl, Nikhil Krishnaswamy, Leon Nissen et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Personalized Projected Ascent for Federated Stackelberg Optimization

Federated minimax problems, such as distributionally robust optimization and adversarial training, include an inner maximization variable built from each client's local data. These variables differ in meaning and dimension from one client to the next, so averaging them across clients, as standard federated minimax meth...

M. Yashwanth, Sharannya Ghosh, Saikiran Bulusu et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Can Capability Enhancement be Localized?

Transformer-based language models have shown strong capabilities across many tasks and domains. However, prior work shows that, for a given task, not all attention heads matter equally. Specifically, they suggest that many \textit{redundant} heads can be safely removed with little-to-no effect, while a small set of \te...

Anh Tuấn Nguyễn, Anna Bair, Zico Kolter · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

TimeCap: A Scalable Open-Source Pipeline for Captioning Wearable Health Time-Series Data

Time-series data generated continuously across industrial, environmental, and especially health domains produce multimodal signals whose scale and heterogeneity make their processing and interpretation particularly challenging. Time-Series Language Models (TSLMs) promise scalable interpretation of these signals, yet re...

Max Rosenblattl, Milana Gurbanova, Karl Aurel Deck et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Regret Lower Bound for Online Learning of Quantum States with Logarithmic Loss, with Applications to Quantum State Tomography and Confidence Sequences for Matrix Means

A regret lower bound is established, showing that the regret rates of Exponential Weights and the algorithm of Tseng et al. (2025) have optimal polynomial dependence on the dimension, which leads to a quantum state tomography algorithm that is sample optimal up to polylogarithmic factors in the sample size.

Yen-Huan Li, Wei-Fu Tseng · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Rethinking Learning from Label Proportions via Moment Matching

Learning from label proportions (LLP) is a weakly supervised setting where training data are grouped into bags with only bag-level label proportions observed, and the goal is to learn a classifier that predicts labels for individual instances. Recently, a large body of methods has emerged; however, most of them rely on...

Tianhao Ma, Wei Wang, Yivan Zhang et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Isolating a Language Model's Judgment with a Label-Free Subspace

Language models are often asked to make judgments: whether a proposed answer is correct, whether one statement follows logically from another, or whether a response is safe. Yet changing the instructions that specify how the judgment should be expressed can make the final answer less reliable, even for the same input....

Chaemin Jang, Donggyu Lee, Jeesoo Kim et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Compatibility Matters: A Framework for Token-Level Teacher Selection in On-Policy Distillation

On-policy distillation (OPD) has recently been introduced as a promising paradigm for continual learning, where a student policy can be supervised at the token-level. Typically, OPD is performed using a single teacher per prompt rollout (or even per training run). However, this ignores a whole other axis of flexibility...

Stanley Wei, Jiin Woo, Kaan Ozkara et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Not All Change Is Damage: Update-Matched Unlearning for Large Language Models

Unlearning aims to remove selected knowledge from large language models to mitigate privacy and safety risks while preserving useful capabilities. For models that continue to be fine-tuned after release, this goal is insufficient: they must also resist relearning the deleted knowledge while preserving plasticity, the a...

Jie Li, Youming Tao, Bowei He et al. · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Nov 3, 2026

Learn the rules: The hacker mindset

Research Manager Mike Walker reflects on a career spanning hacker culture, cybersecurity, and AI, sharing lessons about trust, teamwork, leadership, and why solving difficult problems requires curiosity, judgment, agility—and an understanding of the rules. The post Learn the rules: The hacker mindset appeared first on Microsoft Research.

Google DeepMind Blog Nov 3, 2026

Agentic cheminformatics with Google Antigravity

Learn how Google Antigravity and our Cheminformatics Skills accelerate drug discovery workflows, search compounds, and propose novel rigidified macrocycles.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 28, 2026

Making machines that can listen

Professor Paris Smaragdis develops computers with superhuman hearing for applications like speech recognition, music understanding, and environmental monitoring.

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