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machine learning

4,920 papers

#machine learning Preprint May 2026

Correcting test set contamination by spiking the training data

The core proposal is to spike the training data by intentionally contaminating some test examples at known rates, which can then be used to calibrate predictors of model memorization which enable principled statistical correction of inflated test scores.

J. Wei, Jerry Li, Ameya Godbole et al. · 0 citations

Measuring the Depth of LLM Unlearning via Activation Patching

The Unlearning Depth Score (UDS), a metric that quantifies the mechanistic depth of unlearning via activation patching, is introduced, confirming the causal approach as the most reliable for unlearning evaluation.

Jaeung Lee, Dohyun Kim, Jaemin Jo · 1 citation

Summoning the Oracle to Slay It: Mitigating Look-Ahead Bias in Financial Backtesting with Large Language Models

FinCAD is proposed, an inference-time adaptation of Context-Aware Decoding that attenuates contributions from memorised historical outcomes without retraining and raises the subset-averaged in-sample/out-of-sample Spearman correlation on an eleven-model leaderboard.

Weixian Waylon Li, Mengyu Wang, Tiejun Ma · 2 citations

Physics-Guided Concentration Inference from Resistance Transients in a Mixed-Phase SnO-SnO2 Carbon Monoxide Sensor with p-n Switching

The study demonstrates that leakage-aware, cycle-level, physics-guided machine learning can extend conventional gas-sensing analysis beyond single-response metrics while preserving physical interpretability.

S. Biswas, A. Gangwar, Preetam Singh · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint May 2026

SciAtlas: A Computable Atlas of Science for Knowledge-Grounded AI Research

SciAtlas is presented, a shared, machine-actionable cross-disciplinary scholarly knowledge infrastructure that integrates evidential, conceptual, disciplinary, expertise, and normative layers under a shared schema and achieves a unified neuro-symbolic retrieval mechanism that grounds heterogeneous research objects, propagates relevance across the scholarly topology, and projects the resulting relevance field into the context required by each scientific workflow.

Shuofei Qiao, Yun-Xiang Wei, Bu-Sheng Zhang et al. · 1 citation

Making the Discrete Continuous: Synthetic RAW Augmentations for Fine-Grained Evaluation of Person Detection Performance in Low Light

Focusing on the autonomous driving safety-critical case of pedestrian detection in the dark, it is shown how synthetic low-light samples can be used to better characterize the performance of a state-of-the-art object detection model as a function of the scene illumination.

V. Pais, Malena Mendilaharzu, Daniele Faccio et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint May 2026

Operator-Guided Model Reduction for Generative Sampling in Lattice Field Theory

Neural generative samplers for lattice field theory can be costly to train and evaluate. When they miss modes or assign them incorrect relative weights, biased observables do not reveal which collective variables are responsible. We project a trained flow-matching velocity onto vector fields built from lattice operators and Fourier modes. In two-dimensional lattice $\phi^4$ theory, the projection separates changes in the overall magnetization from the lowest nonzero-momentum fluctuations and guides an explicit invertible proposal that treats them separately. Allowing the amplitude of the lowest nonzero-momentum fluctuations to depend on the magnetization improves the overlap between the proposal and target distributions, while the same two-parameter modification at higher momenta gives smaller improvements. The Metropolis--Hastings correction defines a Markov chain with the target Boltzmann distribution as its stationary law, and the normalized proposal density yields finite-volume partition-function estimates consistent with an independent HMC calculation. At the larger tested volume, the overlap between the proposal and target distributions deteriorates substantially, limiting the range over which the same parameterization remains effective.

Mo-Xian Qian · 0 citations

Robust Multi-Agent LLMs under Byzantine Faults

Self-Anchored Consensus (SAC), a fully decentralized filter-and-refine protocol in which agents iteratively exchange responses, locally evaluate and filter unreliable messages, and refine their own outputs, is proposed.

Haejoon Lee, Vincent Yun, Hyeonho Oh et al. · 3 citations

Learning the Channel Gain from Anywhere to Anywhere via Cross-environment Transformer Estimators

A transformer-based estimator is proposed to implicitly learn spatial patterns that channel-gain maps exhibit across environments, as dictated by the laws of physics and typical environmental characteristics, which enables CGME in new environments from significantly fewer measurements.

Prasenjit Dhara, Daniel Romero · 0 citations

When Chain-of-Thought Fails, the Solution Hides in the Hidden States

It is demonstrated that CoT encodes recoverable, token-level problem-solving information, offering new insight into how reasoning is represented and where it breaks down, suggesting complete reasoning chains are not always necessary.

Houman Mehrafarin, Amit Parekh, Ioannis Konstas · 2 citations

Large language model-enabled automated data extraction for concrete materials informatics

This work introduces a generalizable large language model (LLM)-powered pipeline for automated extraction and structuring of materials data from unstructured scientific literature, using concrete materials as a representative and particularly challenging example.

Zhanzhao Li, Kengran Yang, Qi-Yao He et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Apr 2026

Performance Manipulation: Labor Market Implications in AI-assisted Era

This work establishes the existence of a symmetric, monotone pure-strategy equilibrium and shows that performance-based screening remains viable so long as evaluations retain a sufficient creative component, but collapses into an uninformative pooling equilibrium once AI capability grows large enough to crowd out creative effort.

Xiaoyun Qiu, Yang Yu, Haifeng Xu · 1 citation

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GPT-Lab Sep 3, 2026

Adaptive AI Agents in Construction Workflows

Adaptive AI agents can help make BIM data more machine-readable by navigating IFC models, interpreting inconsistent information, and mapping it to defined standards. In this blog, Alok Rawat shares findings from a real-world pilot in construction workflows. The post Adaptive AI Agents in Construction Workflows appeared first on GPT-Lab.

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