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natural language processing

9,568 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Decoupling Knowledge Forgetting and Refusal Learning in MLLM Unlearning

Current evaluations of multimodal unlearning typically focus on whether a model stops outputting target information. This surface-level criterion, however, masks two critical failure modes. First, knowledge suppression techniques often induce confabulation, leading the model to hallucinate facts about the unlearned sub...

Hao-Dong Chen, Sheng-Tao Wen, Dong Liang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Which Metadata Matters for LLM Tool Selection in MCP? Evidence from Controlled Factor-Level Interventions

In Model Context Protocol (MCP) systems, LLMs select tools from metadata rather than from their implementations. Names and descriptions summarize what a tool does, while the parameter schema specifies the fields a tool accepts and how they are organized. Our analysis of metadata for 367,174 MCP tools reveals substantia...

Xiaofan Li, Fengchun Qiao, Xing Gao · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Harness^2: Recursive Agent Harnessing for an Open World

LLM agents' capabilities depend not only on their underlying models but also on their execution harnesses. Recursive self-improvement (RSI) offers a promising approach to automatically evolve these harnesses. However, deploying RSI in open-world settings still faces two critical challenges. First, open-world tasks are...

Ruiyao Xu, Yanfei Chen, Zhongying CuiZhu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Unconstrained CTI-REALM with Open-Weights

Organisations that want language-model agents for security work face a choice between open-weight models, which they can run and audit themselves, and far more expensive closed frontier models. We study that choice on CTI-REALM (arXiv:2603.13517), a benchmark in which an agent turns a threat-intelligence report into a...

Sahil Garg, Ruhi Gottumukkala, Vishal Agarwal et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

ClawLoop: Self-Improving Agents via Harness-Native Training Loop

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has driven their deployment toward general-purpose harness environments, where LLM-based agents operate in sandbox workspaces and interact directly with file systems and shells. While numerous post-training pipelines exist for tool-use agents, their counterparts for...

Han-Si Yang, Lin-Ji Hao, Hong-Yan Hao et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Artificiality's First Exam: An LLM-Referenced C-test for Supraintelligence

Under the accelerated pace of AI development, any benchmark whose difficulty is calibrated with humans or current AI systems becomes circular, or saturates soon. How can we then evaluate machines that may become more capable than the current machines and the people who write the tests? One answer to the question hinges...

José Hernández-Orallo · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Rethinking Entropy Allocation in LLM-based ASR: Understanding the Dynamics between Speech Encoders and LLMs

Integrating large language models (LLMs) into automatic speech recognition (ASR) has become a dominant paradigm. Although recent LLM-based ASR models have shown promising performance on public benchmarks, it remains challenging to balance recognition quality with latency and overhead, while hallucinations further limit...

Yuan Xie, Jiaqi Song, Guang Qiu et al. · 0 citations
#computer vision Preprint Open access Oct 2026

TokenSwap: Benchmarking and Reducing the Modality Gap in Multimodal LLMs

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) should exhibit cross-modal consistency, generating consistent responses given semantically equivalent inputs across modalities. However, we observe a systematic discrepancy in model predictions under such cross-modal variations. Specifically, we define the modality gap as the di...

Andong Hua, Colton Bishop, Igor Mordatch et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

The syntax of wh-agreement in Yemeni Ibbi Arabic

This article tackles an important phenomenon in the syntax of Yemeni Ibbi Arabic (YIA), viz., wh-agreement, a phenomenon common to several languages including Greek, Indonesian, Lubukusu, Irish, etc. In YIA, wh-agreement manifests itself via agreement inflections on the Wh-Op, C, T/V, v. To account for this phenomenon,...

Ashraf Naji (Ibb University), Mohammed Q. Shormani (Ibb University) · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Probabilistic Calibration Is a Trainable Capability in Language Models

Language models are increasingly used in settings where outputs should follow an intended distribution, yet their generation probabilities are often poorly calibrated to it. In many such requests the distribution is implicit and the valid outputs cannot be listed in advance, so the task cannot be passed to an external...

Davide Baldelli, Sruthi Kuriakose, Maryam Hashemzadeh et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

How AI Writing Assistance Distorts Perceptions of AI Users and Their Opinions

Hundreds of millions of people use AI for writing assistance. We asked how AI distorts perceptions of AI users and their opinions. Writers (N=2,939) wrote political opinion paragraphs with and without AI assistance. Separate readers (N=11,091) blindly evaluated these paragraphs and made inferences about the writers. Wi...

Paul R\"ottger, Kobi Hackenburg, Hannah Rose Kirk et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Copy First, Translate Later: Interpreting Translation Dynamics in Multilingual Pretraining

Large language models exhibit impressive cross-lingual capabilities. However, prior work analyzes this phenomenon through isolated factors and at sparse points during training, limiting our understanding of how cross-lingual generalization emerges--particularly in the early phases of learning. To study the early trajec...

Felicia K\"orner, Maria Matveev, Florian Eichin et al. · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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