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natural language processing

9,568 papers

#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

Structural Automata for Neural Semantic Parsing

Neural semantic parsers generate meaning representations token by token, yet well-formedness depends on references, scope, and graph relations that unfold during generation. Constrained decoding prevents locally invalid tokens but does not guarantee that a valid prefix can be completed within a fixed output-length limi...

Xiao Zhang · 0 citations

Can Language Models Learn When to Abstain? Policy Learning and Calibrated Answer Selection

A useful language model should know when to answer and when to say"I don't know."Can we improve that decision by training the model itself or by training a separate component to check its answers? We study both approaches on Qwen3-14B for factual questions, using a score that rewards correct answers, penalizes mistakes...

Juan R. Terven, Diana-Margarita Córdova-Esparza, R. Gómez et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Error Rate is Not Enough: Costs of Augmentation in Low-Resource ASR

Data augmentation is standard practice for low-resource automatic speech recognition (ASR), but its benefits are almost always reported as aggregate error rates, leaving open why and when a method helps. On four low-resource languages and English at five data sizes, we cross two augmentations that modify existing audio...

Katsumi Ibaraki, David Chiang · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

REFLECT: Role-Aware Detection of Sentiment, Emotion, Politeness, and Formality

Detecting communicative meaning in dialogue requires modeling not only lexical content but also the participant-role structures through which sentiment, emotion, politeness, and formality (SEPF) are expressed. Existing approaches rely on contextual language representations while leaving semantic roles implicit. We intr...

Sangpil Youm, Annabel Stocks Natalias, Hayden Heninger et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Not Just an Evaluation: A Case Study of Discourse Particle Sensitivity in Language Models

Discourse particles subtly shape the flow of discourse by reflecting conversational context and interlocutor attitudes, often leaving the truth-conditional meaning untouched. They are also often polyfunctional, with distinct senses which partially overlap with other particles; for example, the exclusive use of English...

William Sheffield, Jiahui Chen, Amy Zhang et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Enhancing Legal Reasoning in Pre-trained Language Models via Knowledge Graph-Guided Multi-Task Pre-training

Legal language understanding requires reasoning over semi-structured regulatory documents, yet standard pre-training objectives do not explicitly target this structural capability. Because current legal language models rely solely on masked language modeling, they treat statutory text as flat token sequences and ignore...

Ibrahim Siddig, Munir Georges · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

Verifiable Retrieval for Legal Reasoning through Structure-driven Knowledge Graph

This paper uses structure-driven parsing to create a Knowledge Graph (KG) for the source document navigation and retrieval, and compares several KG-informed chunking and retrieval strategies to evaluate their effect on the accuracy of retrieved citations.

Ibrahim Siddig, Sviatoslav Tugeev, Munir Georges · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Retractions Revisited: A Replication, Extension, and Mechanistic Evaluation of Linguistic Obfuscation Effects in Fraudulent Science

Prior work suggests fraudulent scientists write their articles with higher rates of linguistic obfuscation than genuine scientists, with a possible mechanism suggesting obfuscation makes research more costly for a reader to analyze. This result has not undergone additional empirical scrutiny in the open science era, no...

David M. Markowitz · 0 citations
#computer vision Preprint Oct 2026

Multi-Stream Attention Residuals

Attention Residuals (AttnRes) enables content-dependent retrieval over network depth, which can be viewed as single-stream softmax attention along the depth axis. Inspired by the success of multi-head attention along the sequence axis, we introduce Multi-Stream Attention Residuals (MSAR), an extension of AttnRes that g...

Xiao-Han Qin, Xiang-Dong Zhang, Tuo Dai et al. · 4 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

AMLworld-Compact: Importance-Weighted Downsampling for Cost-Effective LLM Evaluation and Error Diagnosis

Evaluating large language models (LLMs) on AMLworld's smallest test splits is costly because each of over a million targets requires a separate graph prompt. Sampling reduces this cost, but small balanced subsets change unweighted precision and F1. We introduce AMLworld-Compact, an evaluation set that retains every ill...

Natapong Nitarach, Phume Ngampornsukswadi, Pittawat Taveekitworachai et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

Training User Simulators with Latent Intrinsic Feedback

User simulators are gaining attention as environments to train LLM assistants that can better cope with the nuances of multi-turn conversations with real users. Prior work on user simulation has emphasized generating realistic user utterances, leaving unexplored their potential as a source of direct feedback on the ass...

Tarek Naous, C. Boutilier, Wei Xu et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

BLiMPPI: Benchmark of Linguistic Minimal Pairs for Polarity Items

Negative polarity items (NPIs), such as"anymore"and"ever", are grammatical only in select environments, predominantly in the context of negation. Because their grammaticality depends on both syntax and semantics, they have a rich, multilingual literature in theoretical linguistics, yet work on NPIs in language models i...

Arzu Burcu Güven, Anna Rogers, Leonie Weissweiler et al. · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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