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natural language processing

9,568 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

StateWise: Teaching Language Models to Track and Obey Evolving Constraints in Multi-Turn Dialogue

Users of conversational assistants rarely state all requirements up front: they add constraints, amend them, withdraw them, digress, and return. Instruction-tuned LLMs fail here in two ways: active constraints stop being honored as turns accumulate (persistence failure), and withdrawn constraints keep being enacted (re...

Samarth Varshney, R. Yadav · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

RoleHear: Pseudo-Labeling for Semi-Supervised Role-Attributed Streaming Speech Recognition

Streaming automatic speech recognition transcribes at low latency but produces an unattributed word stream, while real-time applications such as customer-service analytics need each word tied to a speaker role. Role attribution is usually a separate stage, either an offline or streaming speaker-diarization model aligne...

Zefang Liu, Chenyang Zhu, Sangwoo Cho et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Refined Assessment for Translation Evaluation: Rethinking Machine Translation Evaluation in the Era of Human-Level Systems

As machine translation systems approach human-level quality, traditional evaluation methodologies struggle to detect subtle translation errors. We critically examine limitations in current gold-standard approaches (MQM and ESA), including inconsistencies from variable annotator expertise, excessive categorization compl...

Dmitry Popov, Vladislav Negodin, Ekaterina Enikeeva et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Open access Oct 2026

Beyond Prompts: A Systematic Study of LLM-Based Machine Translation Evaluators

LLM-based evaluators have rapidly become a standard tool for machine translation evaluation, yet the design choices that shape their behavior remain poorly understood. We present a systematic study of how instruction design, few-shot demonstrations, backbone model choice, and multi-step workflows affect span-level and...

Dmitry Popov, Roman Bokhyan, Ekaterina V. Enikeeva et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Gender Associations in LLM-Mediated ADHD Self-Diagnosis

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used for medical self-diagnosis. However, the way demographic cues shape outputs in these interactions remains poorly understood. This is particularly consequential for diagnoses like ADHD, where persistent gender disparities are not fully aligned with the clinical evidence...

Matilde Elene Hansen, Ross Deans Kristensen-McLachlan · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Embedding-Based Educational Taxonomies

Educational taxonomies organize educational content, such as exercise problems, into concepts, which are also called skills or knowledge components. These taxonomies define learning objectives in educational applications such as intelligent tutoring systems. Developed through human expertise and iterative refinement, t...

Kia Karbasi, Kaveh Karbasi, Gregory Pottie · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

RSI Arena: Towards Recursive Self-Improvement with Human Feedback

Can AI agents autonomously train useful language models and improve them using feedback from users? We introduce RSI Arena, a two-stage study of autonomous post-training as a step toward recursive self-improvement. Ten frontier models act as training agents, each starting from NVIDIA Nemotron 3.5 Lightning 30B-A3B Base...

Yue Huang, Yan-Bo Wang, Li-Chi Li et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Mycelium: A Meta-Study of Hallucination Detection Across Provenance, Typology, and Granularities

Hallucination detection is increasingly important for evaluating and deploying large language models. However, existing methods are often compared across benchmarks that define and measure hallucination in substantially different ways, making reported scores difficult to interpret across settings. We study hallucinatio...

Julia Belikova, Elisei Rykov · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Words Are the Voice of the Mind: Depression Severity Estimation from Social Traces via Mental-Guided Evidence Reasoning

Depression severity estimation is crucial for mental health assessment and intervention, yet traditional approaches depend on clinical interviews or self-report questionnaires that require users' active participation. With the widespread use of online social media, users leave rich social traces that may reflect their...

Nada Xu, Xueqin Chen, Qiang Gao et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

When the Weakest Language Keeps Moving: ARMOR-DP for Multilingual BabyLM

Multilingual BabyLM systems usually fix language sampling proportions even though the weakest language can change during training. We present ARMOR-DP, a modular framework that diagnoses imbalance arising from representation, exposure, capacity, and objective pressure, and uses per-language validation loss to update sa...

Hanyu Liao, Yijing Chen, Tao Ji · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Trajectory2Gym: Decision-Grounded Compositional Interaction Synthesis for Tool-Use Agents

Successful tool-use trajectories are not necessarily useful supervision. Even successful interactions may underrepresent multi-step dependencies or contain actions that are unjustified by the information visible to the agent at decision time. We identify two coupled requirements for effective trajectory supervision: co...

Yihao Hu, Zhihao Wen, Yitong Lin et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

SEDATE: Do Large Language Models Share an Aggression Circuit Across Languages?

This work proposes Selective Detection And Targeted Editing (SEDATE), a training-free approach based on detect-edit-verify strategy that achieves substantially superior safety scores across all languages and models over the best-performing baseline while retaining the general capabilities and incurring negligible overh...

Sagnik Basu, Sayan Das, Somnath Banerjee et al. · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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