Environmental data sensing and IoT-based data visualization for smart greenhouse management
TL;DR
This study develops a low-cost, multi-parameter smart greenhouse monitoring system based on the high-performance STM32F407VGT6 microcontroller and manages a hybrid sensor network that simultaneously collects temperature, humidity, pressure, air quality, soil moisture, and light intensity data.
Abstract
To prevent resource waste in traditional agricultural practices and to respond instantly to environmental changes, this study develops a low-cost, multi-parameter smart greenhouse monitoring system based on the Internet of Things (IoT). The system is built on the high-performance STM32F407VGT6 microcontroller, designed for embedded systems, and manages a hybrid sensor network that simultaneously collects temperature, humidity, pressure, air quality, soil moisture, and light intensity data. The unique aspect of this work is that, thanks to the developed C++-based wrapper software architecture, sensors with different communication protocols can be synchronized on a single embedded system, and raw electrical data can be converted into meaningful percentage values for the end user. The obtained data is visualized in real-time locally on an SSD1306 OLED screen and remotely on the Blynk platform via an ESP8266 Wi-Fi module. Test results have shown that the system measures environmental data with high accuracy and transmits it to the cloud server with a response time of less than two seconds. In conclusion, this study offers an economical IoT-enabled smart farming solution for small-scale producers and creates a robust technological infrastructure for future fully autonomous control systems.