The Effect of Physical Activity on University Students’ Psychological Resilience: The Mediating Role of Self-Control

Abstract

Background: University students frequently encounter academic, interpersonal and financial pressures, which may increase their vulnerability to psychological distress. Physical activity has been identified as a protective factor for mental health, potentially enhancing psychological resilience through improved self-control. This study aimed to examine the relationship between physical activity and psychological resilience among university students and to investigate the mediating role of self-control. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 726 university students (mean age = 19.2 years, SD = 0.92). The participants completed the Physical Activity Rating Scale-3, the Self-Control Scale, and the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale. Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, regression analyses, and mediation analysis were performed using SPSS 28.0 and PROCESS 4.0. Results: Significant differences in self-control (F = 29.67, P < 0.001) and psychological resilience (F = 21.95, P < 0.001) were observed across physical activity levels. Physical activity positively predicted self-control (β = 0.269, P < 0.001) and psychological resilience (β = 0.251, p <.001). Self-control was a significant predictor of psychological resilience (β = 0.511, P < 0.001). Mediation analysis indicated that self-control partially mediated the relationship between physical activity and psychological resilience, accounting for 51.46% of the total effect. Conclusion: Physical activity enhances psychological resilience directly and indirectly through the improvement of self-control. These findings highlight the potential value of promoting regular physical activity as an effective strategy for strengthening psychological resilience and improving mental well-being among university students.