Perlindungan Hukum Hak Ulayat Masyarakat Adat Dalam Konflik Agraria Akibat Ekspansi Investasi Perkebunan Di Indonesia

Abstract

Advancements in information technology have driven the digital transformation of public service delivery as part of bureaucratic reform aimed at enhancing effectiveness, efficiency, transparency, and service quality. However, implementation still faces various challenges, such as system disruptions, personal data breaches, and a lack of optimal legal certainty regarding electronic-based public services. These conditions demonstrate that digital transformation involves not only technological aspects but also the protection of citizens' rights from the perspective of state administrative law. This study aims to analyze the regulatory framework for the digital transformation of public services from the perspective of state administrative law, examine legal certainty in digital-based public service delivery via the Electronic-Based Government System (SPBE), and analyze the forms of legal protection for public personal data within digital public services. The study employs a normative legal research method utilizing statutory, conceptual, case-based, and state administrative law approaches. Legal materials consist of legislation, legal literature, scholarly journals, research findings, and relevant court rulings. Analysis is conducted using a qualitative-prescriptive approach, examining theories, regulations, and practices related to digital public services. The research findings indicate that the digital transformation of public services rests on an adequate legal foundation, established through various regulations governing public services, electronic-based governance, and personal data protection. Legal certainty in digital public services is determined by the clarity of the legal basis, the legality of electronic documents and signatures, the validity of electronic administrative decisions, government liability regarding system disruptions, and the availability of effective dispute resolution mechanisms. The protection of public personal data constitutes a component of human rights protection, requiring the government to ensure data security, confidentiality, and usage aligned with public service objectives. Consequently, strengthening regulations, integrating cybersecurity systems, enhancing the accountability of public service providers, and supervising personal data management are crucial steps toward realizing digital public services that ensure legal certainty and the protection of citizens' rights.