The in-wheel motor (IWM) drive system represents one of the most promising architectures for new energy vehicles (NEVs), offering distinct advantages in drivetrain efficiency, vehicle packaging flexibility, and independent wheel torque control. This review systematically examines the structural design aspects of in-wheel motors, encompassing electromagnetic topologies, mechanical integration, thermal management, and fault-tolerant configurations. Particular emphasis is placed on permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) variants, including surface-mounted, interior, axial-flux, and transverse-flux arrangements, as well as the critical challenges of unsprung mass augmentation, thermal rejection in hostile wheel environments, and sealing reliability. The paper synthesizes recent advances in multi-objective optimization, novel manufacturing processes, and integrated suspension-motor co-design strategies. By analyzing comparative performance metrics and identifying persistent technical barriers, this review aims to provide a comprehensive reference for researchers and engineers engaged in next-generation electric propulsion system development.
As the technology of electric vehicles (EVs) continues to mature, in-wheel motors
(IWMs), as an innovative drivetrain technology, offer significant advantages in
enhancing vehicle performance, simplifying design, and optimizing space
utilization. It is gradually becoming a key direction in the technological
develop...
Rui-Xin Guo, Yue-Ying Zhu, Chao Xing et al.· SAE International Journal of...· 0 citations
To provide a comprehensive and balanced perspective, the review also acknowledges well-established mainstream alternatives, including induction motors (IMs), which have demonstrated practical viability in commercial EV applications such as Tesla’s early production models. Variable flux motors (VFMs) have emerged as a t...
In-wheel motor drive technology represents a fundamental approach to distributed electric propulsion and plays a crucial role in advancing chassis architecture and power system innovation in new energy vehicles. To overcome engineering challenges such as limited hardware reliability, inadequate adaptability to operatin...
Si-Yu Yang· 2026 6th International Confe...· 0 citations
With the increasing electrification of transportation, the development of high-power-density electric machines has become a key focus for aerial applications. Despite existing research on machine topologies for aircraft propulsion, a lack of comprehensive categorization of design parameters and performance metrics esse...
Raíssa Raimundo da Silva, L. R. Rocha, R. P. Vieira et al.· IEEE Aerospace and Electroni...· 0 citations
Optimizing transmission efficiency is critical for advancing electric vehicle (EV) technology. This review paper covers advanced driveline schemes for electric cars and electric heavy vehicles through a selection and analysis of articles published over the past decade, focusing on passenger and commercial electric vehi...
Adolfo Senatore, Attila Csobán· Machines· 0 citations
The impact of increased weight and changes in mass distribution on electric vehicles (EVs) ride comfort, handling dynamics, and overall performance has become a significant concern in the automotive industry. Drivetrain configuration, specifically electric motor location, is a pivotal design variable that influences EV...
M. Mohamed, S. El-demerdash, T. El-Sayed et al.· Journal of engineering and a...· 0 citations
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