Jul 2026· The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences· 0 citations
TL;DR
This review synthesizes existing knowledge on the morpho-physiological, biochemical, and molecular response of B. napus to drought stress and emphasizes the importance of phytohormone signaling, osmotic adjustment, and stress response gene and transcription factors in enhancing plant adaptation to drought conditions.
Abstract
Drought stress is a major abiotic factor that severely restricts agriculture productivity, particularly in crops of oilseed, such as Brassica napus L. (B. napus). With the progression of change in climate, the frequency, and severity of drought events are increasing, posing additional challenges to crop production. As a result, enhancing drought tolerance in B. napus has become an important focus of current research. This review synthesizes existing knowledge on the morpho-physiological, biochemical, and molecular response of B. napus to drought stress. It highlights key drought induced changes, including reduction in stomatal conductance, alteration in water use efficiency and photosynthesis performance, and disruption in nutrient uptake. In addition, it discusses the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of antioxidant defense systems that help plants to cope with the stress conditions. This review further emphasizes the importance of phytohormone signaling, osmotic adjustment, and stress response gene and transcription factors in enhancing plant adaptation to drought conditions. In addition, several agronomic strategies are identified as affective for mitigation drought stress, including optimized sowing practices, exogenous application of PGR and osmolyte, optimized nutrient management, and the use of beneficial microbial inoculants. At the same time, new avenues for developing drought tolerant cultivars through the development in the molecular breeding, such as transgenic approaches, genome editing, and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping. Recent advances such as CRISPR/Cas9, high throughput sequencing, and contemporary breeding techniques are enhancing the precision and effectiveness of the B. napus crop improvement initiative. CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing, in particular, enables the focused discovery, validation, and change of drought-responsive genes and regulatory pathways, allowing for precision modulation of drought-adaptive features. Future research should focus on integrating multi osmotic approaches, functional genomics, gene editing, and climate resilient phenotyping to accelerate the development of drought tolerate B. napus cultivars. Bringing together advances in plant physiology, biotechnology, and agronomic management will be essential for achieving this goal. Overall, this review offers useful insights for researchers, breeders, and policymakers working to sustain crop productivity under drought conditions.
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important global food crop; however, its production is continuously susceptible to drought and salinity. The present review presents the complex morpho-physiological, hormonal and molecular mechanisms adopted by rice employs to survive the drought and salinity stress. Morphologically, rice adapts by increasing root length and adjusting the root-to-shoot ratio, while physiological defenses include stomatal regulation and activation of antioxidant systems to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during the stress condition. We discuss the important role of phytohormones, specifically abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA), in mediating stress signalling. Furthermore, the review also provides a detailed key role of important transcription factor families, including NAC, MYB, bZIP, and AP2/ERF. The sub-section of review also highlighting specific genetic evidence from recent overexpression and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated studies in rice crop against the said stress. The integration of multi-omics and biotechnological approaches is presented as the most effective strategy for developing climate-resilient rice varieties. This condensed review offers an up-to-date roadmap for researchers aiming to improve rice productivity under increasingly saline and arid conditions.
Overall, BRs represent promising targets for improving crop stress resilience; however, optimizing BR-mediated strategies and validating their long-term performance under diverse field conditions will be essential for their successful application in sustainable agriculture.
R. Jan, Shahzad Iqbal, Sajad Ali et al.· Plants· 0 citations
This review synthesizes recent advances in elucidating the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying drought tolerance in Vitis vinifera to provide an integrative conceptual framework to support sustainable viticulture in water-limited environments.
Abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, temperature extremes, heavy metals, and pesticide toxicity, severely impact plant growth and productivity, primarily through the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and metabolic imbalances. In the era of climate change and declining agricultural sustainability, the development of stress-resilient crops has become essential for ensuring global food and nutritional security. Millets, also known as ‘super grain’ or ‘miracle grain’ due to their nutritional value, are recognized for their inherent resilience and exhibit superior adaptability in arid and semi-arid ecosystems towards these abiotic stresses. It is due to their C4 photosynthetic efficiency, rapid life cycles, and deep root architecture. These cereals deploy integrated morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms, including antioxidant defense systems, osmolyte accumulation, stress-responsive gene expression, and hormonal regulation to maintain homeostasis under stress. Despite these traits, millet improvement lags behind that of major cereals due to limited breeding efforts and underdeveloped molecular resources. This review focuses on recent advances in stress tolerance mechanisms, highlighting omics-driven insights, microbial and phytohormonal mitigation strategies, and exploring genome editing and modern breeding tools, such as CRISPR/Cas9 and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), for developing climate-resilient millet cultivars suitable for sustainable agriculture and future food security. The article explores the development of climate-resilient millet varieties by integrating molecular innovations into traditional agronomic practices, which will provide future benefits framework for developing new varieties. Overall, the article will deepen understanding of the molecular processes underlying stress responses and provide targeted solutions to enhance stress tolerance in millets.
Amandeep Singh, S. Kaushik, Manu Sharma et al.· Discover Plants· 0 citations
A comprehensive analysis of drought-induced effects across various developmental stages in legumes, detailing the signaling networks that facilitate stress perception and response and analyzing the revolutionary role that high-throughput phenotyping could play in stress assessment and precision breeding.
Andrea Fernández-Gutiérrez, Alvaro F. Rodriguez-Torres, A. Encina et al.· Frontiers in Plant Science· 0 citations
Global food security is increasingly threatened by abiotic stresses, particularly waterlogging, which poses significant challenges to cereal crop production. Waterlogging is one of the primary abiotic stresses that significantly influence the interrelationships among plant physiology, growth, and yield. This review aims to examine the relationships among these three aspects in cereal crops, with an emphasis on the response mechanisms to waterlogging stress. Findings from the reviewed literature indicate that waterlogged conditions induce hypoxia in the root zone, leading to reduced photosynthetic rates, impaired nutrient uptake, and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which trigger cellular damage. These effects result in reduced plant growth and yield. Nevertheless, plants exhibit various adaptive mechanisms, such as aerenchyma formation, adventitious root development, and proline accumulation, which enhance tolerance to stress. Variations in tolerance levels among cereal species also influence the extent of yield reduction. Overall, improving plant tolerance to waterlogging stress requires an integrated approach through physiological understanding, genetic improvement, and the application of appropriate agronomic management.
Erlinda Diantini, Hidya Nurlita, Aep Wawan Irwan et al.· Gunung Djati Conference Seri...· 0 citations