Treatment of Ametropic Amblyopia and the Significance of Cycloplegia in Childhood.

Use of Dichoptic Therapy for Deprivation Amblyopia: A Single Institution Study.

Use of a dichoptic digital therapeutic device in the treatment and management of amblyopia holds exciting potential in deprivation amblyopia, although a percentage of patients with severe amblyopia did show modest improvement.

Esotropia Induced by Optical Correction in Myopic Patients.

PURPOSE To describe a specific pattern of esotropia observed in myopic patients occurring exclusively while wearing refractive correction despite a normal accommodative convergence / accommodation (AC/A) ratio and to evaluate the efficacy of its management. METHODS This is a retrospective study which included children and young adults with high myopia who presented with esotropia with spectacles or contact lenses correction only, and orthophoria or near orthophoria without optical correction. AC/A ratio was measured using gradient method. Ductions and versions were evaluated. The angles of deviations were measured with and without optical correction, for both distance and near. Magnetic resonance imaging of the extraocular muscles was performed. The target angle for surgical correction was the preoperative angle of esotropia at distance with spectacle correction, and the changes in the angles of deviation after surgery were evaluated. RESULTS Nine patients were identified. The mean age at presentation was 13.6 ± 5.2 years; 6 patients were females (66.7%). The mean angle of esotropia with optical correction was 44 ± 5 PD for distance and 43 ± 4 PD for near. The mean angle of esotropia for near without optical correction was 4 ± 3 PD. Mean spherical equivalent was -10.6 ± 1.8 Diopters. All patients underwent bilateral medial rectus muscle recession. Mean medial muscle recession was 6.9 ± 0.4 mm. Mean follow up was 8 ± 4 months. Successful outcome was achieved in 8 patients, one patient had residual esotropia of 25 PD. None of the patients developed exotropia without glasses after surgery. CONCLUSION Esotropia in myopic patients may appear only with optical correction, including glasses or contact lenses. The exact cause of the absence of esotropia without optical correction cannot be confirmed but cannot be attributed to a high AC/A ratio. These patients benefit from bilateral medial rectus recession similar to those who have esotropia without optical correction, without carrying the risk of overcorrection without spectacles or contact lenses.

Real-world effectiveness of a binocular, dual-mechanism therapy in severe amblyopia: analysis from the PUPiL Registry.

Luminopia demonstrated significant improvements in Registry patients with severe amblyopia, particularly in treatment-naive patients, supporting its use as a viable treatment option that may address key limitations of traditional approaches.

Primary intervention with hypermetropic spectacles: Factors influencing improvement in esotropia.

PURPOSE To evaluate whether factors observed at initial clinical examination are predictors of the ability to achieve motor alignment with single vision spectacles in hypermetropic children with esotropia. METHODS Prospective case series. Thirty-eight children with esotropia from 6 months to 13 years of age were analyzed, out of the 46 recruited. Successful outcome was considered when the angle of deviation for distance was less than 10 prism diopters with the prescribed spectacles. RESULTS Among the factors analyzed, intermittent esotropia ( P = 0.028) and higher refractive error ( P = 0.029) were significantly associated with achievement of motor alignment. Logistic regression showed intermittent deviation had a 5.5 times greater chance of successful outcome with spectacles alone ( P = 0.039, regression coefficient, 1.717; 95% CI, 1.089 to 28.450). CONCLUSION The presence of intermittent deviation had a statistically significant chance of successful motor outcome with spectacles alone in children with hypermetropia and esotropia.

Effectiveness of Active Vision Therapy in Children with Bilateral Refractive Amblyopia

Administering vision therapy in conjunction with patching significantly improved VA, stereo acuity, and accommodation facility in bilateral refractive amblyopia compared to patching alone.

Surgical treatment of diplopia in Graves' Orbitopathy patients