If Alcohol Consumption Were Eliminated, Which US Counties Would Still Experience High Rates of Breast Cancer Among Women?

Impact of lifestyle, familial history and environmental factors on breast cancer development among 80 women in Calabar Nigeria

The results of the study indicated that lifestyle, environmental, and familial history factors did not have a significant impact on the development of breast cancer among the participants, as the associated probability values were greater than the level of significance for all the three factors.

Risk Factors for Breast Cancer in Pakistani Women: A Review of Current Evidence

The most reported malignancy in women of Pakistan is breast cancer. About one in nine females suffers from this disease, that contributes largely to mortality. The burden of the disease here is much more than in any other country of South Asia, with such salient features as earlier age of onset and late-stage presentation. This paper aimed to synthesize evidence from recent studies conducted in Pakistan on risk factors for breast cancer. Lifestyle determinants such as obesity, physically inactive or sedentary behavior, and unhealthy dietary patterns prove to be common and strongly associated with high risk. Genetic predisposition, particularly BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, plays a key role in increasing susceptibility among high-risk women. Additionally, reproductive factors such as early menarche, late menopause, nulliparity, and limited breastfeeding have been recognized as important contributors. In addition to urban pollution and dietary contaminants, environmental exposure also increases the risk; vitamin D deficiency could compound the disease further. Diagnosis gets late͏ and results get worse due to socioeconomic͏ and cultural barriers, low awareness, stigma, and low access to screening facilities. When compared with the regional population and even the global population, it can be seen that Pakistani women face some unique sociocultural challenges that make them more vulnerable. This review article demonstrates the immediate need for specific public health interventions, better genetic counseling infrastructure, and culturally appropriate mass awareness campaigns to lessen the breast cancer burden at a national level. Identifying key risk factors and leveraging artificial intelligence (AI)-driven technologies can improve prevention strategies and facilitate early detection.

Reproductive Risk Factors and Their Association with Breast Cancer in Women of Central India

Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women worldwide and represents a major public health challenge in India. Reproductive factors influence cumulative estrogen exposure and may significantly affect breast cancer risk. Understanding these associations is important for identifying high-risk women and developing preventive strategies.Aim: To evaluate reproductive risk factors and their association with breast cancer among women attending a tertiary care center in Central India.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at Bundelkhand Medical College, Sagar, over 18 months. A total of 170 women were enrolled, including 85 histopathologically confirmed breast cancer cases and 85 age-matched controls without breast malignancy. Data regarding age at menarche, age at first childbirth, parity, breastfeeding duration, menopausal status, age at menopause, and family history were collected and analyzed.Results: Early menarche (<12 years), late age at first childbirth (>30 years), nulliparity, shorter duration of breastfeeding (<12 months), and late menopause (>50 years) were significantly associated with breast cancer (p<0.05). Women with a family history of breast cancer had a significantly higher risk of disease (OR=3.2, p=0.002). Multivariate analysis identified late age at first childbirth and short breastfeeding duration as independent predictors of breast cancer.Conclusion: Several reproductive factors are significantly associated with breast cancer risk among women in Central India. Promotion of breastfeeding and identification of women with adverse reproductive profiles may facilitate early screening and risk reduction strategies.

Black Tea and Coffee Intake and Prostate Cancer: A Case-Control Study

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENDOMETRIAL CANCER: A CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY

According to the official statistics of the World Health Organization (WHO) for 2022–2024, more than one billion people worldwide are overweight or obese, while more than 10 million people die from cancer annually. Approximately 30% of cancer cases are associated with excess body weight, which is considered a modifiable carcinogenic risk factor. Endometrial cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignancies among women, and estrogen-dependent mechanisms play a pivotal role in its pathogenesis. Excess adipose tissue enhances the aromatase-mediated conversion of androgens into estrogens, resulting in prolonged endometrial stimulation, which subsequently promotes endometrial hyperplasia and malignant transformation. Investigating the pathophysiological relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the development of endometrial cancer through a clinical and epidemiological approach is of considerable importance in contemporary medical practice, as obesity represents a modifiable risk factor whose correction may substantially reduce cancer risk.

Incidence Trends of Colorectal Cancer by Social and Behavioral Factors-A Pooled Cohort Study.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents more than 10% of the global cancer burden. Unlike in some other cancers, no single risk factor accounts for most CRC cases. Despite the well-studied overall incidence trend of CRC, little information is available on risk factor-specific incidence trends of CRC. This study aims to evaluate the rarely studied incidence trends of CRC in males and females with variable levels of exposure to specific risk factors, including education level, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and body mass index (BMI). We used Finnish pooled cohort data from seven cohorts linked to the population-based Finnish Cancer Registry. The pooled data included 224,048 subjects, of whom 2006 were diagnosed with CRC. CRC incidence adjusted for known risk factors increased annually by 1.7% in males and 1.0% in females. In risk factor-stratified analysis, the average annual percentage increase in CRC incidence was especially high in current male smokers. This study further strengthens the evidence that living with overweight or obesity, having a tall body height, or living with diabetes mellitus (DM) associates with an increased risk of CRC. Cigarette smoking was associated with an increased CRC risk in males, while heavy alcohol consumption was associated with an increased risk in females. In this study, education level or physical inactivity were not statistically significant risk factors for CRC. Our findings highlight the need for effective public health strategies, with special emphasis on preventing overweight, obesity, and smoking along with other modifiable lifestyle factors known to affect CRC risk.