Jul 2026· Journal of Evidence-Based Community Health· 0 citations· 22 references
TL;DR
Although the sample size was limited, the proportion of abnormal findings underscores the relevance of community-based screening as a preventive strategy, and community health screening is a feasible and practical approach for early risk detection of non-communicable diseases.
Abstract
Early detection of non-communicable diseases is essential to reduce the growing burden of diabetes mellitus and hypertension at the community level. This study aimed to identify individuals at risk through a community-based health screening program conducted at Graha Mas Residence. A descriptive observational design was applied. Twelve adult participants voluntarily underwent structured anamnesis, systolic blood pressure measurement, and random blood glucose (RBG) testing using a standard glucometer. Data were analyzed descriptively using frequency and percentage distributions.
The results showed that 4 participants (33.3%) had RBG levels >150 mg/dl, while 5 participants (41.7%) had systolic blood pressure >140 mmHg. These findings indicate the presence of individuals at potential risk for metabolic and cardiovascular disorders within the community. Elevated random blood glucose levels suggest the need for further confirmatory testing, such as fasting plasma glucose or HbA1c measurement. Meanwhile, increased systolic blood pressure highlights the importance of early hypertension detection and management to prevent future cardiovascular complications. Although the sample size was limited, the proportion of abnormal findings underscores the relevance of community-based screening as a preventive strategy. Early identification allows timely health education, lifestyle modification, and referral to appropriate health services. Integrating routine screening with promotive and preventive interventions may contribute significantly to reducing the incidence and complications of diabetes and hypertension. In conclusion, community health screening is a feasible and practical approach for early risk detection of non-communicable diseases. Strengthening such programs at the local level may support broader public health efforts in controlling metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors.
Abstract Objectives This study aimed to determine the prevalence of abnormal fasting blood glucose levels and identify associated risk factors among adults in a rural community in southeastern Nigeria. Materials and Methods A community-based, cross-sectional screening study was conducted among 200 adults aged ≥18 years in Okija, Anambra State, Nigeria. Participants were recruited through voluntary participation during a community health outreach program. Fasting blood glucose was measured using capillary blood obtained via finger prick with a calibrated portable glucometer following overnight fasting. Anthropometric indices, including body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, were recorded. Demographic and lifestyle data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Results Twenty-four participants (12.0%) had fasting blood glucose levels consistent with possible diabetes, while 59 (29.5%) had impaired fasting glucose (prediabetes), with 83 (41.5%) participants exhibiting abnormal glucose regulation. Elevated fasting blood glucose levels were significantly associated with age group (χ 2 = 17.61, df = 7, p = 0.020), waist circumference (χ 2 = 4.79, df = 1, p = 0.029), carbohydrate intake (χ 2 = 4.50, df = 1, p = 0.034), and fat intake (χ 2 = 6.14, df = 1, p = 0.013). Conclusion There is a high burden of abnormal fasting blood glucose levels and prediabetes in this rural population. Community-based screening and targeted lifestyle interventions are essential to reduce the growing burden of diabetes.
C. Nweke, Nmasichukwu A. Anazodo, O. C. Iloka et al.· Journal of Diabetes and Endo...· 0 citations
Background:Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and represent a major public health challenge in India. Increasing prevalence of obesity, dyslipidemia, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and other behavioural risk factors contribute significantly to the growing burden of CVDs.Methodology:A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine at Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences from May 2025 to March 2026 among individuals attending routine medical check-ups. Demographic details, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, lipid profile, smoking status, physical activity, and socioeconomic status were assessed using a structured proforma. Cardiovascular risk was evaluated using the Joint British Societies for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease (JBS3) risk assessment tool.Results:The study demonstrated a high prevalence of overweight and obesity, particularly among females. Hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL were more common in females, whereas elevated LDL and hypercholesterolemia were predominantly observed in males. Physical inactivity and smoking were highly prevalent among participants. Most individuals belonged to lower socioeconomic classes.Conclusion:The findings indicate a high burden of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors among apparently healthy individuals, emphasizing the importance of early screening, lifestyle modification, and preventive interventions.
Ka. Suganthan Nithish, M. Suresh· Asian Journal of Medical Res...· 0 citations
AIMS
Non-fasting triglyceride measurements have become increasingly common in screening for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, evidence of its predictive value for diabetes mellitus is limited to only a few studies.
METHODS
This prospective cohort study included two groups of individuals aged 40-74 years without diabetes mellitus: 7,673 who provided non-fasting blood samples and 4,055 who provided fasting samples. We used annual health checkup data to identify new cases of diabetes mellitus, employed Cox proportional hazard models to estimate hazard ratios, and conducted decision curve analyses to assess clinical utility.
RESULTS
During a median follow-up of 13 years, 727 and 444 participants were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus in the non-fasting and fasting groups, respectively. After adjusting for the glucose levels and other potential confounders measured at baseline, both non-fasting and fasting triglyceride levels were positively associated with the hazard of diabetes mellitus; the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the highest versus lowest quartiles were 1.99 (1.50-2.64) and 1.58 (1.11-2.26), respectively. Adding non-fasting or fasting triglyceride levels to a model based on traditional predictors can slightly improve the net benefit for 15-year risk prediction, corresponding to an approximate gain of 1 to 2 additional individuals per 1,000 screened. The improvement was slightly greater under non-fasting conditions than under fasting conditions.
CONCLUSION
Both the non-fasting and fasting triglyceride levels were associated with an increased hazard of diabetes mellitus. Adding the triglyceride levels can therefore provide modest but potentially useful supplementary information for diabetes prediction, particularly under non-fasting conditions.
Jia-Qi Li, H. Imano, K. Yamagishi et al.· Journal of atherosclerosis a...· 0 citations
Background/Objectives: In Romania, diabetes mellitus remains a significant public health challenge, characterized by high prevalence and significant undiagnosed cases. This study assessed the prevalence of elevated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels within the adult population participating in the European Health Examination Survey (EHES) and examined their associations with major cardiometabolic risk factors, subjective health perception, and patient awareness of previously diagnosed chronic conditions. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the EHES in Romania, including systematic, population-weighted sample of adults aged 25–64 years. Data were analyzed using the Complex Samples module in SPSS, version 29.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). HbA1c levels were measured through standardized clinical examination, with values of 5.7–6.4% classified as at risk for diabetes mellitus, and values ≥6.5% as diabetes mellitus. Results: Among 5380 representative adults, the prevalence of elevated HbA1c (≥6.5%) was 7.1%, while prediabetes (HbA1c 5.7–6.4%) affected 35.4% of participants; both conditions were significantly more prevalent in men than in women. Elevated HbA1c and prediabetes were substantially more frequent among individuals with hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, and glycemic control among participants with previously diagnosed diabetes was generally poor (all p ≤ 0.05). Individuals who are aware of having a chronic health condition appear to engage more actively in self-care practices, including increased physical activity and more frequent monitoring of key biological parameters. Conclusions: Elevated HbA1c and prediabetes were more prevalent than estimates reported in other studies using HbA1c-based diagnostic criteria. These observations highlight the importance of early detection and timely diagnosis, as awareness of one’s health status may facilitate healthier behaviors that mitigate metabolic complications.
L. Brîndușe, Corina Vicol, M.A. Cucu et al.· Diabetology· 0 citations
Hypertension is a major contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) complements office blood pressure measurement by detecting white-coat hypertension, masked hypertension, and nocturnal blood pressure abnormalities, and this study aimed to assess its diagnostic value in the management of hypertension in private cardiology practice in Senegal. A prospective, descriptive, and analytical study was conducted from July to September 2024 at Clinique Urgence Cardio in Dakar, including patients aged 18 years or older with a valid 24-hour ABPM recording. Clinical, anthropometric, and treatment data, together with cardiovascular risk factors, were collected; office and ambulatory blood pressure measurements were compared; and logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with discordance between the two methods. Of the 104 patients assessed, 97 had valid ABPM recordings. The mean age was 53.2 ± 14.1 years, and women predominated. Cardiovascular risk factors included abdominal obesity (77.3%), known hypertension (54.6%), physical inactivity (43.3%), dyslipidemia (37.1%), and diabetes (16.5%). Mean office blood pressure was 145.7/91.4 mmHg, compared with 130.5/80.2 mmHg over 24 hours, 134.4/82.4 mmHg during daytime, and 125/75 mmHg during nighttime. ABPM identified sustained hypertension in 53.61% of patients, white-coat hypertension in 18.56%, masked hypertension in 9.28%, and normotension in 18.56%, with overall agreement between office and ambulatory measurements of 72.2%. Among patients with elevated office blood pressure, 25.7% had white-coat hypertension, while 33.3% of those with normal office blood pressure had masked hypertension. Non-dipping and reverse-dipping patterns were observed in 45.4% and 19.6% of patients, respectively, and discordance was independently associated with alcohol consumption (OR = 5.08; p = 0.007). ABPM improves the diagnostic classification of hypertension and reveals a high prevalence of discordant phenotypes and nocturnal blood pressure abnormalities, and wider use of ABPM may help optimize patient management in this setting.
N. Gaye, J. Mingou, Coumba Kaba et al.· Cardiology and Cardiovascula...· 0 citations
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia, and associated lipid abnormalities, which significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Among these abnormalities, elevated serum triglyceride levels play a crucial role in the development of metabolic complications. The present study aimed to evaluate the correlation between serum triglyceride levels and newly diagnosed T2DM patients. This prospective longitudinal study was conducted over a period of six months and included a total of 200 newly diagnosed T2DM patients aged between 35–60 years. Blood samples were collected under standard conditions and analysed for fasting blood glucose (FBS), postprandial blood glucose (PPBS), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and serum triglyceride levels using semi-automated biochemical analyzers. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the relationship between triglyceride levels and glycaemic parameters. The results demonstrated that approximately 43% of the study population exhibited elevated serum triglyceride levels. A positive correlation was observed between triglyceride levels and glycemic indicators such as HbA1c and blood glucose levels, suggesting that poor glycemic control is associated with dyslipidemia. Both male and female patients showed similar trends, indicating that the association is independent of gender.The findings of this study highlight that elevated triglyceride levels are common in newly diagnosed T2DM patients and may serve as an early indicator of increased cardiovascular risk. Therefore, routine assessment of lipid profiles, particularly triglycerides, should be incorporated into the initial evaluation and management of diabetic patients.
A. Mishra, Anubhav Chaudhary, Kirti Singh· Journal of advanced research...· 0 citations
