A quantitative model for the emergent population dynamics of the melanoma MITF rheostat
TL;DR
A multiscale phenotype-structured partial differential equation model for epidermal melanoma cell populations is developed, first considering subcellular MITF and then spatially uniform and spatially heterogeneous populations, highlighting that phenotype reversibility by individual cells does not imply reversibility of phenotype population distributions.
Abstract
Cancer progression is driven by the ability of cells with identical driver mutations to adopt biologically distinct adaptive phenotypes. Yet the population dynamics implied by intratumour phenotypic heterogeneity is poorly understood. Melanoma is an excellent setting to study phenotype switching, in part because phenotypic identity is conferred by melanocyte inducing transcription factor (MITF) activity. Here we develop a multiscale phenotype-structured partial differential equation model for epidermal melanoma cell populations, first considering subcellular MITF and then spatially uniform and spatially heterogeneous populations. The model admits three stable long-term behaviours: slow growth with proliferative cells and non-cycling differentiated cells; faster expansion, with an invasive core; and rapid growth with oscillatory core dynamics. More broadly, the analysis highlights that phenotype reversibility by individual cells does not imply reversibility of phenotype population distributions. Hence, single-cell properties (e.g., reversibility of invasive capacity) must be extrapolated with caution to populations with coupled cell dynamics.