Description of Extended Reality Resources for Teaching Physics

Abstract

This study examines the growing role of extended reality (XR) in physics education, highlighting its capacity to enhance visualisation, interaction, and understanding of complex scientific concepts. In this context, this study aims to describe XR resources developed within the REFODIGE project through a qualitative approach, employing observations, questionnaires, and reports across three phases. Furthermore, various XR tools—virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and 3D models—were analysed, focusing on their technological design, accessibility, and pedagogical applications. Notably, these open-access digital resources are specifically designed for students in their final years of secondary education and higher education. The findings indicate that 36 XR resources enhance engagement, creativity, and observational learning; however, challenges related to cost, access, and content quality persist. Overall, XR demonstrates significant educational potential; nevertheless, its effectiveness ultimately depends on robust pedagogical integration, ethical considerations, and further methodological research.