These highly powered, sedation-contextualized RI provide a definitive, species-specific diagnostic framework that will significantly enhance veterinary care, colony management, and the interpretation of translational research utilizing A. nancymaae.
Abstract
Comprehensive hematological and biochemical reference intervals (RIs) are valuable for accurate clinical evaluation and translational reliability in non-human primate models, yet robust data for Nancy Ma’s night monkey (
Aotus nancymaae
) remain scarce. This study aimed to establish empirical baseline physiological profiles for healthy, captive
A. nancymaae
. We retrospectively analyzed 1170 blood samples collected over a 15-year period (2007–2022) under standard chemical restraint (ketamine/acepromazine). Non-parametric methods were used to calculate 95% RIs (2.5th–97.5th percentiles) and evaluate the effects of age and sex. Fold-change analysis revealed that age profoundly drives physiological variance, highlighted by massive > 2-fold elevations in alkaline phosphatase and significantly lower adaptive immune cell counts (lymphocytes and monocytes) in juveniles compared to adults. Sexual dimorphism was subtle, primarily reflected in slightly higher erythrocytic mass (RBC, Hb, HCT) in males. Systemic electrolytes and protein markers remained robustly stable across all demographic and dietary cohorts. These highly powered, sedation-contextualized RI provide a definitive, species-specific diagnostic framework that will significantly enhance veterinary care, colony management, and the interpretation of translational research utilizing
A. nancymaae
.
The establishment of reliable physiological baselines is essential for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of rescued wildlife, but reference intervals (RIs) are limited for many species encountered in rehabilitation settings. The Northern boobook (Ninox japonica) is one of the most frequently rescued owl species at wildlife rescue centers in the Republic of Korea, yet veterinary research on this species is scarce. This study aimed to establish the hematologic and plasma biochemical RIs for rehabilitated Northern boobooks and assess the agreement between field estimation methods and standard analytical techniques for selected variables. These variables included hemoglobin (Hgb) derived from packed cell volume, total protein (TP) measured by refractometry, and total white blood cell (TWBC) counts obtained from blood films. The blood profiles for RI calculation were collected from 41 clinically normal, rehabilitated individuals, and no statistically significant differences were found between the sexes for any parameter. Method comparison analyses for Hgb, TP, and TWBC found significant differences between the estimation techniques and their respective reference methods. The Bland–Altman plots found systematic biases for all methods, because the 95% confidence interval for mean biases excluded zero, indicating poor concordance. Passing–Bablok regression further confirmed systematic deviations, identifying a mix of constant and proportional biases that varied among the analytes. These findings underscore the need for caution when interpreting the estimated values in clinical settings. In addition, because rehabilitated individuals may appear clinically stable while harboring subclinical pathologies, the results of this study should be considered within the context of rehabilitation.
Jang-Hee Han, Jinyoung Kim, Soeun Ryu et al.· Journal of zoo and wildlife...· 0 citations
Season-specific RIs are provided for analytes with substantial seasonal effects of apparently healthy Mongolian Bactrian camels to support clinical interpretation and herd health monitoring under Mongolian pastoral conditions.
Tsognemekh Bolormaa, B. Sandagdorj, Sedkhuu Burenjargal et al.· Journal of Veterinary Medica...· 0 citations
This study provides the first statistically derived, subspecies-specific clinicopathological RIs for the Tsushima leopard cat and, to the authors' knowledge, also represents the first formal set of RIs for leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis).
Akinori Azumano, Yushi Koshida· Journal of zoo and wildlife...· 0 citations
Baseline hematological and oxidative stress data for wild rodents are scarce despite their importance in wildlife health assessment and disease surveillance. This study aimed to generate baseline hematological and markers of oxidative stress reference values for wild Mus musculus and Rattus rattus trapped from southern Punjab, Pakistan, and to evaluate sex-related differences in these physiological parameters. Twenty-seven Mus musculus (14 males, 13 females) and 28 Rattus rattus (18 males, 10 females) were trapped from Dera Ghazi Khan District in Punjab, Pakistan between February 2022 and January 2023. Complete blood count was determined using an automated hematology analyzer, while superoxide dismutase, catalase, and malondialdehyde levels were measured in the heart, liver, lungs, and kidneys. Sex-wise comparisons were performed using two-sample t-tests (p < 0.05). Body weight did not differ significantly between sexes in either species (p > 0.05). No significant sex-related differences were observed in the hematological parameters of Mus musculus. In Rattus rattus, males had significantly higher red blood cell counts (p = 0.008) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (p = 0.05), whereas females had higher white blood cell counts (p = 0.02). Male Mus musculus exhibited significantly higher renal malondialdehyde levels (p = 0.002), while male Rattus rattus showed higher cardiac malondialdehyde levels (p = 0.006) and females exhibited higher hepatic superoxide dismutase activity (p = 0.04). These findings provide baseline physiological reference values for wild rodents and will support future ecological and disease surveillance studies. Larger studies are required to establish robust species- and sex-specific reference intervals.
M. Abrar, Sonia Mumtaz, Maryam Ijaz et al.· Journal of Experimental Zool...· 0 citations
This study fills a critical gap in understanding pelican physiology and provides essential reference data for wildlife veterinarians, rehabilitators and conservation biologists in the assessment and management of pelican health, facilitating more effective interventions and providing a tool for monitoring broader ecosystem health.
D. Sullivan, J. Porter, J. Ward et al.· Conservation Physiology· 0 citations
Nonhuman primates are widely used in preclinical biomedical research, with hematobiochemical values serving as key clinical pathology parameters for assessing health status. In this study, we collected and analyzed 2973 blood samples from 566 cynomolgus macaques and 193 rhesus macaques, along with anthropometric measurements such as BMI, body weight, and waist circumference. Corresponding human data were obtained from the NHANES database and incorporated into the study. Regarding white blood cell composition, neutrophil percentages increased while lymphocyte percentages declined with age, with relatively sharp changes observed during both the early stage near sexual maturity and the late stage near aging onset in our macaque and human datasets. The inflammatory indices, calculated based on these compositions, showed similar age-related trends, reflecting age-associated immune modulation in primates. The inflection points approximately correspond to the ages of sexual maturation and aging onset. The statistical analyses predicted a divergence: human aging is primarily defined by metabolic syndrome caused by excess waste accumulation, whereas aging in cynomolgus macaques is fundamentally linked to nutrient deficiency and physical frailty. Despite this contrast, our findings also revealed convergent aging markers across primates. In summary, this study establishes reference indices for hematological and biochemical parameters in macaques, providing valuable insights into age-related changes in primate blood profiles.
Hyeon-Mu Cho, S. Choe, Hye-Ri Park et al.· GeroScience· 0 citations
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