Hematological and biochemical reference intervals for two-humped camels (Camelus bactrianus) in Mongolia with effects of age/physiological class and season.
Aug 2026· Journal of Veterinary Medical Science· 0 citations
Medicine
TL;DR
Season-specific RIs are provided for analytes with substantial seasonal effects of apparently healthy Mongolian Bactrian camels to support clinical interpretation and herd health monitoring under Mongolian pastoral conditions.
Abstract
Reference intervals (RIs) are essential for interpreting laboratory results. We established hematological and serum biochemical RIs for apparently healthy Mongolian Bactrian camels and evaluated age/physiological class and seasonal effects. Samples were collected from yearlings, subadults, adult castrated males, and lactating adult females in spring and autumn. Following CLSI EP28-A3c and ASVCP guidelines, 95% RIs were estimated by parametric, nonparametric, or robust methods according to sample size and distribution. Age/physiological class influenced multiple analytes, while season explained greater variation in several erythroid indices, total protein, and glucose. Season-specific RIs are therefore provided for analytes with substantial seasonal effects. These locally derived RIs support clinical interpretation and herd health monitoring under Mongolian pastoral conditions.
The establishment of reliable physiological baselines is essential for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of rescued wildlife, but reference intervals (RIs) are limited for many species encountered in rehabilitation settings. The Northern boobook (Ninox japonica) is one of the most frequently rescued owl species at wildlife rescue centers in the Republic of Korea, yet veterinary research on this species is scarce. This study aimed to establish the hematologic and plasma biochemical RIs for rehabilitated Northern boobooks and assess the agreement between field estimation methods and standard analytical techniques for selected variables. These variables included hemoglobin (Hgb) derived from packed cell volume, total protein (TP) measured by refractometry, and total white blood cell (TWBC) counts obtained from blood films. The blood profiles for RI calculation were collected from 41 clinically normal, rehabilitated individuals, and no statistically significant differences were found between the sexes for any parameter. Method comparison analyses for Hgb, TP, and TWBC found significant differences between the estimation techniques and their respective reference methods. The Bland–Altman plots found systematic biases for all methods, because the 95% confidence interval for mean biases excluded zero, indicating poor concordance. Passing–Bablok regression further confirmed systematic deviations, identifying a mix of constant and proportional biases that varied among the analytes. These findings underscore the need for caution when interpreting the estimated values in clinical settings. In addition, because rehabilitated individuals may appear clinically stable while harboring subclinical pathologies, the results of this study should be considered within the context of rehabilitation.
Jang-Hee Han, Jinyoung Kim, Soeun Ryu et al.· Journal of zoo and wildlife...· 0 citations
These highly powered, sedation-contextualized RI provide a definitive, species-specific diagnostic framework that will significantly enhance veterinary care, colony management, and the interpretation of translational research utilizing A. nancymaae.
Carlos Gaspar, M. Nieto, N. Espinoza et al.· Scientific Reports· 0 citations
This study fills a critical gap in understanding pelican physiology and provides essential reference data for wildlife veterinarians, rehabilitators and conservation biologists in the assessment and management of pelican health, facilitating more effective interventions and providing a tool for monitoring broader ecosystem health.
D. Sullivan, J. Porter, J. Ward et al.· Conservation Physiology· 0 citations
A baseline health profile for clinically healthy dromedary camels in eastern Sudan is established and the influence of sex and age on key physiological and hematological parameters are assessed to be assessed.
Abdullah Abdulslam Abdullah, N. Ibrahim, Musa Ahmed et al.· Discover Animals· 0 citations
Seasonal conditions are recognized as important environmental factors influencing physiological and hematological characteristics in cattle raised under tropical climates. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of seasonal conditions on hematological parameters in Senepol and Zebu cattle raised in Vietnam. A total of 40 clinically healthy cattle, including 20 Senepol and 20 Zebu animals aged between 12 and 36 months, were used in the experiment. Blood samples were collected during both the rainy and dry seasons and analyzed using an automated hematology analyzer. The evaluated parameters included white blood cell count (WBC), red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), erythrocyte indices, and platelet-associated parameters. Statistical analysis was performed using a paired-samples t-test at a significance level of P < 0.05. The results showed that seasonal variation significantly influenced several hematological parameters in both cattle breeds. WBC values increased during the dry season, whereas RBC and HGB values tended to decrease. Hematocrit values showed a moderate increase during the dry season. Erythrocyte indices, including MCV, MCH, and MCHC, remained relatively stable across seasons, while RDW-CV and RDW-SD values generally increased during the dry season. Platelet counts decreased, whereas MPV and PDW values showed increasing trends in both breeds. Seasonal hematological fluctuations were observed in both breeds; however, no direct statistical comparisons between breeds were performed. The findings indicate that seasonal conditions can influence hematological characteristics in imported cattle breeds raised in Vietnam and likely reflect normal physiological responses to seasonal environmental variation. These results provide useful reference data for health monitoring, veterinary assessment, and management strategies for imported cattle raised under tropical climatic conditions.
Thi Hoai Thu Nguyen, Thị Phúc Nguyệt Trần· Brazilian Journal of Science· 0 citations
The Black Marsh Turtle (Siebenrockiella crassicollis), a common freshwater species in Thailand, is currently listed as endangered. To support effective health assessment and conservation, this study established hematological and biochemical reference ranges for S. crassicollis and evaluated alterations in blood profiles associated with improper environmental conditions and illness. Blood samples from 56 turtles were analyzed, including clinically healthy individuals (32; 15 males and 17 females) and unhealthy individuals (24). The hematologic and biochemical parameters, including red blood cell indices, white blood cell counts and differentials, as well as blood chemistry values such as proteins, liver enzymes, metabolites, and minerals, were evaluated and summarized as baseline data. Among hematologic parameters, lymphocyte counts were significantly higher in males than in females. In contrast, females exhibited higher levels of cholesterol and phosphorus, while males showed higher activity of certain liver enzymes. Variations in some biochemical parameters were also observed and appeared to be associated with environmental factors, particularly differences in water quality among sampling sites. The results of this study provide important baseline information for improving the understanding of health status, clinical assessment, and appropriate husbandry of this protected species, ultimately contributing to more effective conservation strategies.
Jarukit Kunakornruangkit, Chinnawat Jamonjindamani, Pattawan Pongsupanimit et al.· 0 citations