Global nuclear renaissance in the context of a new energy architecture: strategic opportunities and constraints for Russia

Abstract

The article analyzes the current nuclear renaissance in the context of changes in the global energy system. It is shown that the renewed interest in nuclear energy is connected not only with the climate agenda, but also with the consequences of the energy crisis of 2021–2022, growing electricity demand, the development of data centers and artificial intelligence, as well as energy security and technological sovereignty. Special attention is paid to the position of Russia and Rosatom in the global nuclear market. The article concludes that the Russian nuclear industry retains strong positions due to the full nuclear fuel cycle, export experience, fuel competencies and an integrated project support model. At the same time, the expansion of Russian opportunities depends on the ability to take into account sanctions, financial, logistical and institutional restrictions, as well as on the adaptation of the export model to the needs of customer countries.