TL;DR
It is suggested that the carcinogenic effects of smoking on BC are independent of the breast density or its changes measured using four broad categories.
Higher breast density was associated with later age at menarche, nulliparity, breastfeeding, history of benign breast disease, alcohol consumption, lower body mass index (BMI) at recruitment and at age 20, and current use of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT).
Advancing knowledge of specific BBD diagnoses may improve breast cancer risk prediction and support targeted screening and prevention strategies.
The effectiveness of conventional two‐dimensional mammography is strongly dependent on breast density, with reduced sensitivity and increased interval cancer rates for clients with extremely dense breasts, providing evidence to support future evaluation of more individualised screening approaches.
Early menarche and low parity were more frequently associated with aggressive non-Luminal A molecular subtypes, highlighting the importance of reproductive history in breast cancer risk assessment and individualized management.
Women with estrogen receptor negative (ER-) contralateral breast cancer (CBC) are 50% more likely to die of CBC compared to women with estrogen receptor positive (ER+) CBC. We comprehensively investigated risk factors for ER subtype-specific CBC using the Women’s Environmental Cancer and Radiation Epidemiology Study, a...
Background: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, accounting for 2.3 million new cases and 685,000 deaths in 2020. In Cameroon, breast cancer is the leading cancer among women, representing 34.1% of new female cancer cases. Where mammography is unaffordab...
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