Jul 2026· International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences· 0 citations· 15 references
TL;DR
Higher levels and strong positive correlation between HbA1c and C-peptide-especially in diabetics-suggests increased insulin secretion in response to poor glycemic control and insulin resistance.
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by either insufficient insulin production by the pancreas or the body's inability to utilize it. HbA1c level of 6.5% was recommended for diagnosing diabetes. C-peptide is a byproduct of insulin synthesis has been widely studied as a diagnostic biomarker for DM. Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of type 2 DM (T2DM) and is associated with insulin resistance. With the increasing global burden of obesity and diabetes, our study investigates the relationship between HbA1c and C-peptide levels in obese individuals with and without diabetes. Objectives were to assess and compare HbA1c and C-peptide levels among obese individuals with diabetes and without diabetes and to evaluate the correlation between these parameters within each group.
Methods: This study was included 30 obese diabetic and 30 obese non-diabetic participants recruited over 3 months. Blood samples were collected for estimating HbA1c and C-peptide. Ethical approval was obtained prior to the study. Data were analyzed using Jamovi software.
Results: HbA1c and C-peptide levels were significantly higher in obese individuals with diabetes compared to non-diabetic obese controls (p<0.001). A strong positive correlation was observed between HbA1c and C-peptide levels in both groups, with a stronger association in diabetics (r=0.94) compared to non-diabetics (r=0.88); both correlations were statistically significant.
Conclusions: Higher levels and strong positive correlation between HbA1c and C-peptide-especially in diabetics-suggests increased insulin secretion in response to poor glycemic control and insulin resistance.
C-peptide can be used as an appropriate index for identifying IR in T2DM patients with complications and illustrated the clinical utility of C-peptide in microvascular complications such as diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy.
K. Siddiqui, S. Joy, S. Nawaz et al.· Medicine· 0 citations
Serum C-peptide showed significant negative correlations with HbA1c, duration of diabetes, and daily insulin dose, and significant positive correlations with age at diagnosis and BMI, and may be useful as a supportive biomarker for individualized diabetes management.
D. J, D. R, D. R· Genetics and Molecular Resea...· 0 citations
Background: Dyslipidemia is a common metabolic abnormality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and contributes significantly to cardiovascular complications. Objective: To evaluate the correlation of HbA1c with lipid profile among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study included 110 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar from June 2024 to June 2025. Demographic data, HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, HDL-C, and VLDL-C were recorded. Patients were categorized into good glycemic control (HbA1c <7%) and poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥7%) groups. Results: The mean age was 55.2 ± 10.8 years, and the mean HbA1c was 8.4 ± 1.7%. Poor glycemic control was observed in 68 (61.8%) patients. Patients with HbA1c ≥7% had higher total cholesterol (212.8 ± 37.5 vs. 176.9 ± 29.4 mg/dL), triglycerides (205.6 ± 58.9 vs. 148.7 ± 41.6 mg/dL), LDL-C (134.7 ± 30.5 vs. 102.8 ± 23.1 mg/dL), and VLDL-C (41.2 ± 11.8 vs. 29.7 ± 8.3 mg/dL), while HDL-C was lower (38.8 ± 6.6 vs. 45.9 ± 7.3 mg/dL). HbA1c showed significant positive correlations with total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, and VLDL-C, and a negative correlation with HDL-C. Conclusion: HbA1c was significantly associated with lipid abnormalities in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and may serve as a useful marker for identifying patients at increased cardiovascular risk.
Hashmat Ullah Khan, Hafiz Bilal Hassan, Meeran Atta et al.· Genetics and Molecular Resea...· 0 citations
Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a common health problem characterised by chronically elevated blood glucose along with associated metabolic disorders. New research articles suggest that Vitamin D may impact both the release of insulin as well as how the body reacts to insulin. Objective: To measure HbA1c (a marker for long term blood sugar control) and serum Vitamin D levels in people with T2DM and to explore any relationship between them. Materials and Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study with unmatched controls conducted among 50 individuals with T2DM and 50 individuals without diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care center. Glycaemic control was assessed by HbA1c and Vitamin D status was determined by measuring serum 25-hydroxy Vitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations using standard techniques. Results: Vitamin D levels in those with diabetes (17.76 ± 5.29 ng/mL) were significantly lower than controls (44.31 ± 11.87 ng/mL, p<0.001). The mean HbA1c values were also higher in the diabetic group (11.43 ± 1.88%) than controls (5.41 ± 0.58%, p<0.001). In the diabetic subjects, 74% were deficient in vitamin D. Diabetic patients also had higher levels of fasting and postprandial glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides and lower HDL cholesterol (p<0.001). There was a weak negative correlation between Vitamin D and HbA1c (r = -0.186), fasting blood sugar (r = 0.003) and postprandial blood sugar (r = -0.083) but these were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Although the diabetic group had poorer glycaemic profiles and lower Vitamin D, there was no significant association between Vitamin D status and glycaemic control in this study.
C. Janani, A. Saravanan, B. Anitha· NATIONAL BOARD OF EXAMINATIO...· 0 citations
Background:Adiponectinis an adipocyte-derived hormone with anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, and insulin-sensitizing properties. Reduced adiponectin levels have been associated with obesity, type II diabetes mellitus, and coronary artery disease (CAD). The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between adiponectin, body mass index (BMI), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in CAD patients with and without type II diabetes mellitus.Methodology:This comparative observational study was conducted in the Department ofGeneral Medicine at Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences from January 2025 to December 2026. A total of 90 subjects were included, among whom 30 patients had CAD with type II diabetes mellitus. Blood samples were collected under aseptic precautions for estimation of serum adiponectin and HbA1c levels. BMI was calculated using standard WHO criteria. Statistical analysis was performed to determine correlations and group differences.Results:The mean BMI was significantly higher among diabetic subjects compared to CAD patients with diabetes (p=0.001). HbA1c levels were also significantly elevated in diabetic patients (p=0.001). Adiponectin showed a negative correlation with BMI (r=-0.14) and a positive correlation with HbA1c (r=0.56) among CAD patients with diabetes mellitus.Conclusion:Altered adiponectin levels are significantly associated with obesity and glycemic status in CAD patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Adiponectin may serve as a potential biomarker for metabolic and cardiovascular risk assessment.
Dr. K.P. Selvarajan Chettiyar, Dr. Niranj B.S· Asian Journal of Medical Res...· 0 citations
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia, and associated lipid abnormalities, which significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Among these abnormalities, elevated serum triglyceride levels play a crucial role in the development of metabolic complications. The present study aimed to evaluate the correlation between serum triglyceride levels and newly diagnosed T2DM patients. This prospective longitudinal study was conducted over a period of six months and included a total of 200 newly diagnosed T2DM patients aged between 35–60 years. Blood samples were collected under standard conditions and analysed for fasting blood glucose (FBS), postprandial blood glucose (PPBS), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and serum triglyceride levels using semi-automated biochemical analyzers. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the relationship between triglyceride levels and glycaemic parameters. The results demonstrated that approximately 43% of the study population exhibited elevated serum triglyceride levels. A positive correlation was observed between triglyceride levels and glycemic indicators such as HbA1c and blood glucose levels, suggesting that poor glycemic control is associated with dyslipidemia. Both male and female patients showed similar trends, indicating that the association is independent of gender.The findings of this study highlight that elevated triglyceride levels are common in newly diagnosed T2DM patients and may serve as an early indicator of increased cardiovascular risk. Therefore, routine assessment of lipid profiles, particularly triglycerides, should be incorporated into the initial evaluation and management of diabetic patients.
A. Mishra, Anubhav Chaudhary, Kirti Singh· Journal of advanced research...· 0 citations
