Jun 2026· arXiv.org· Vol abs/2606.31648· 1 citation· 17 references
Computer Science
Abstract
We present LuckyStar 111B, a 111B-parameter hybrid reasoning model developed through a collaboration between Cohere and LG CNS for Korean-English enterprise agents under practical memory and serving constraints. The model trains from Cohere's fully post-trained Command A model rather than a new pretraining run, and uses preamble conditioning to switch between concise non-reasoning behavior and longer tool-oriented reasoning. We study four choices for scaling tool-using agents efficiently: multilingual supervised fine-tuning, reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards for multi-step tool-use tasks, language-consistency rewards for Korean user-facing responses, and 4-bit quantization for single-GPU serving. The adapted model improves mathematical reasoning, function calling, and agentic natural-language-to-SQL (NL2SQL) performance while preserving general Korean and English instruction-following quality. These results provide a practical recipe and failure-mode analysis for adapting post-trained multilingual models to verifiable agentic workflows under memory-constrained deployment.
It is found that, in this benchmark, supervised fine-tuning (SFT) provides a strong baseline, substantially improving argument language consistency and end-to-end function call accuracy and, under consistent model selection, SFT achieves performance comparable to, and sometimes exceeding more complex reinforcement learning (RL) approaches.
Siddharth Chauhan, Thomas Butler, Abhishek Singhania et al.· 0 citations
The Onramp-Sequence Cross-Distillation (OSCD) is introduced, a post-training algorithm that projects high-resource reasoning trajectories into low-resource vocabulary subspaces during generative training rollouts via an integrated translator agentic loop, ensuring the stable and efficient translation of dynamically generated reference samples for fine-tuning.
Sean Gip Lim, William-Chandra Tjhi, Hai Leong Chieu· 0 citations
Reasoning Language Models (RLMs) achieve their strongest performance when they reason in English, the language for which reasoning-oriented training data is most abundant. However, reasoning trace is a clue for model interpretability and safety, and useful in practice for both the model users and for model developers. Thus, it is desirable to be able to develop a model that reasons in a language of the user's choice, while still maintaining strong reasoning performance. To this end, we study the feasibility of training a model that reasons in Japanese. We develop a Japanese-reasoning variant of Qwen-3-Swallow-8B, which is a Japanese LLM continually pretrained from Qwen-3-8B, with GRPO and evaluate it across coding, math, and science benchmarks. The study shows that reasoning-language control is feasible by training a Japanese continually pretrained model with GRPO. However, its performance is at best on par with strong English-reasoning baselines on several benchmarks. We also evaluate the trained model on Japanese cultural benchmarks and observe that the model's performance is worse than the baseline models, suggesting that the reasoning in Japanese does not immediately improve performance on culturally relevant tasks for free.
Bangla-English tutoring requires more than producing a correct translation: learners also need explanations of grammar differences, awareness of their likely errors, and targeted practice. We present TRACE-BN, a curriculum-guided dataset of structured tutoring traces for Bangla-speaking learners of English at the CEFR A1-A2 level. Each trace combines word-level glosses, literal and natural translations, Bangla grammar explanations, a plausible learner error, and a targeted practice question with its answer. The traces are generated by Gemini 3.5 Flash Lite as the teacher model from NCTB Classes 9-10 English curriculum units, then filtered for structural validity, script integrity, and semantic duplication. We transfer the resulting structured tutoring behavior to Qwen3-0.6B using LoRA with 4-bit quantization for resource-constrained offline deployment. On held-out inputs, schema validity increases from 85.4% to 95.8%, while, against teacher-model references, chrF++ improves from 15.28 to 34.77 and BLEU from 4.52 to 21.03. Field-level evaluation by two independent judges shows improvements across translation, grammar explanation, learner-error diagnosis, and practice alignment, while a human audit supports the quality of the supervision data. The results show that curriculum-guided structured supervision can transfer multi-component tutoring behavior to a sub-1B model under these resource constraints. The dataset, model checkpoints, and code are publicly available at https://huggingface.co/datasets/RaiyanKhaan/Trace-BN
Khan Raiyan Ibne Reza, Sanjana Aktar Maria, Mohammad Tushar Abdullah et al.· 0 citations
It is found that training to reason in the native language often leaves only a small gap to training for English reasoning, and RLVR beyond English can provide broad crosslingual gains, but also requires broad evaluation to detect language-specific regressions.
Konstantin Dobler, Federico Scozzafava, Jonathan Janke et al.· 0 citations
Mathematical reasoning has become a central task for evaluating and tuning reasoning Large Language Models (LLMs), yet existing benchmarks remain heavily biased toward high-resource languages, with English and Chinese dominating both pre-training corpora and evaluation suites. The recently released PolyMath (Wang et al., 2025) dataset represents a significant step forward, yet its coverage is still limited to 18 only high-resource languages. To address this gap, we introduce PluraMath, an extension of PolyMath to 18 additional {underrepresented languages spanning 6 language families -- ranging from mid-resource to extreme low-resource settings. We constructed the dataset through a human-curated pipeline, where native speakers thoroughly validated pre-computed translations. Using PluraMath, we then benchmark 27 reasoning LLMs across four model scales -- small, mid-size, large, and closed-source ensembles -- probing the multilingual mathematical reasoning capabilities of state-of-the-art models under diverse linguistic conditions. Our fine-grained analysis confirms a persistent gap in mathematical reasoning performance between high-resource and underrepresented languages, with stronger results largely associated with better instruction-following ability. We fully open-source our dataset, data acquisition pipeline, and evaluation framework, with the goal of lowering the barrier to multilingual benchmark development for underrepresented communities.
Daryna Dementieva, N. Babakov, Kathy Hammerl et al.· 0 citations