Application of Lipid Nanoparticles (LNPs) in Nucleic Acid Delivery and Precision Medicine

Nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems: From intelligent delivery to clinical translation and precision nanomedicine.

A structured translational roadmap is proposed that prioritizes biologically predictive design, fit-for-purpose safety assessment, scalable good manufacturing practice production, early regulatory alignment, and clinically meaningful benefit over unnecessary structural complexity.

Engineering Extracellular Vesicles: Strategies for Functional Modification and Clinical Translation

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as endogenous nanoscale delivery platforms, have garnered significant attention due to their high biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and intrinsic ability to cross physiological barriers. However, the clinical translation of natural EVs is hindered by inherent limitations, including poor targeting specificity, low drug‐loading capacity, high heterogeneity, and challenges in achieving standardized manufacturing. Engineering EVs through physical, chemical, and biological modification strategies can significantly enhance their targeting precision, drug‐loading efficiency, and pharmacokinetic profiles. This review summarized the mainstream approaches for engineering EVs and elaborated on recent applications of functionalized EVs in relevant biomedical fields. Furthermore, it discussed current challenges and future perspectives regarding the large‐scale production, standardized characterization, and safety evaluation of engineered EVs.

A Comprehensive Review on Role of Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery System

Nanotechnology has become a revolutionary technology in contemporary medicine that can provide new solutions to the inefficiency of the traditional drug delivery systems. Nanoscale properties enable precise drug targeting, controlled release, enhanced bioavailability, and reduced systemic toxicity. The review gives a general description of drug delivery systems that are based on nanotechnology, with liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, solid lipid nanoparticles, and metallic nanoparticles being the main examples of nanocarriers. Critical discussions are made of their design strategies, drug loading capacities, release mechanisms and therapeutic advantages. In addition, more recent technological developments in the areas of targeted delivery, such as ligand-mediated delivery and stimuli-responsive systems, are discussed in the treatment of various diseases in cancer, infections, and neurological conditions. Despite significant advancements, there are still issues of toxicity, stability, large-scale production, and regulatory issues, which are impediments to clinical translation. In general, the field of nanotechnology offers a potential platform in improving therapeutic efficacy and development of biomaterial-based medical applications. 

Review of Nanoparticle-Based Therapeutics: Comparative Clinical Translation, Safety Barriers, and Regulatory Challenges

Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative approach in modern medicine, offering innovative strategies for disease diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Nanoparticles, typically ranging from 1 to 100 nm in size, possess unique physicochemical properties that enable targeted drug delivery, enhanced therapeutic efficacy, and reduced systemic toxicity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the major types of nanoparticles used in disease treatment, including lipid-based, polymeric, metallic, magnetic, and carbon-based nanoparticles. Their applications across various disease domains, such as cancer, infectious diseases, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions, are discussed. In addition, the benefits and limitations associated with nanoparticle-based therapies, including safety concerns and regulatory challenges, are critically examined. Finally, future perspectives on the clinical translation and advancement of nanomedicine are highlighted.

Nanodiscs for drug delivery.

Lipid nanodiscs have emerged as a versatile and promising tool for drug delivery due to their biocompatibility, structural flexibility, and ability to mimic native cell membrane environments. These nanoscale assemblies, composed of lipid bilayers stabilized by scaffold amphipathic proteins, peptides, synthetic polymers, or saponins, offer a stable membrane mimetic system for encapsulating hydrophobic drugs and membrane proteins. Ongoing research continues to expand the diversity of nanodisc formulations, each with distinct advantages and limitations. Their tunable size, surface functionality, dynamic lipid exchange, and ability to incorporate various lipids and membrane components make them suitable for targeted delivery and controlled drug release under physiological conditions. Recent advances underscore their potential in cancer therapy, antimicrobial delivery, and vaccine development, areas where conventional carriers often fall short. This review discusses the recent developments of lipid nanodiscs for drug delivery, focusing on design strategies, functionalization methods, and key challenges for potential clinical translation.

Precision chemical engineering of dendrimers for nucleic acid delivery.