THE IMPACT OF SANCTIONS RESTRICTIONS ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Abstract

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the impact of sanctions restrictions on the socioeconomic development of the Russian Federation in 2022–2025. It examines the transformations of foreign trade, structural changes in the real sector and the financial system, the adaptive mechanisms of the economy, and the social consequences of sanctions pressure. Special attention is paid to the contradictory nature of the consequences: the combination of signs of macroeconomic stability with the growing long- term structural problems related to technological dependence and personnel shortages. The article uses official data from Rosstat, the Bank of Russia, and other agencies as its empirical basis. The study analyzed the dynamics of key macroeconomic indicators (GDP, inflation, the ruble exchange rate, etc.), as well as the sectoral effects of sanctions pressure in the oil and gas sector, mechanical engineering, and other sectors. Special attention is paid to the social consequences of sanctions and government support measures for the population and businesses. The key mechanisms for adapting the Russian economy have been identified, including the reorientation of foreign economic relations, the development of parallel imports, import substitution, and the modernization of payment and settlement infrastructure.