TL;DR
The principles, benefits, and challenges of ACT are discussed, with a focus on potential solutions to overcome these obstacles.
The characteristics and clinical trials of CAR-T and TCR-T for cancer and autoimmune diseases are summarized and differences, challenges and prospect of these ACTs are described for reference to novel strategy of ACT.
In vivo CAR-T is poised to broaden the reach of cellular immunotherapy, provided that its development is guided by rigorous pharmacology, chemistry, manufacturing and controls, and long-term molecular safety surveillance.
This review synthesizes recent advances in molecular engineering strategies that enhance CAR-T cell function beyond conventional receptor design and discusses how receptor engineering, genome editing, transcriptional and epigenetic regulation, metabolic reprogramming, synthetic gene circuits, and safety-control platfor...
Continued efforts to identify highly specific target antigens, optimize manufacturing processes, enhance safety, and integrate CAR-T therapy with complementary immunotherapeutic approaches are expected to improve clinical outcomes and broaden the application of CAR-T therapy to T-cell malignancies and potentially other...
Current challenges in solid tumour treatment are examined through evidence from clinical trials, highlighting key obstacles such as antigen heterogeneity, the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment, poor cellular trafficking, and treatment-related failures that have informed the development of next-generation CAR co...
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