INDUSTRY‑SPECIFIC ASPECTS OF DIGITALIZATION AND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AI TECHNOLOGIES WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF INDUSTRY 4.0 AND INDUSTRY 5.0

Abstract

The relevance of research on the issues of digitalization and the implementation of AI is due to the comprehensive nature of the transformation, which affects the technological, organizational, personnel, and regulatory aspects of enterprises’ activities. Scientific research in this area is necessary to: reduce risks associated with the introduction of new technologies; increase the return on investment in digitalization; build an evidence base for public policy; and support the competitiveness of the national economy in the context of the global technological race. The article presents the goals and specific features of Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0. Emphasis is placed on the uneven pace at which these stages of the industrial revolution are unfolding in various sectors of the Russian economy. The materials used include data from analytical agencies in the field of artificial intelligence and statistical data from Sber Pro. The methodological basis of the study is an industry‑specific approach. The sectors of the real economy in which digitalization processes and the implementation of AI solutions are most successfully carried out are considered to be: mechanical engineering and metalworking; energy and the extractive sector; the chemical industry and oil refining; construction and infrastructure; and the logistics sector. For each sector, the specific features and economic results of implementing Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 have been identified. General barriers to the implementation of AI technologies in industry and solutions to overcome them have been formulated. The economic value of digitalization and the implementation of artificial intelligence is substantiated not as a process of introducing technologies for the sake of technologies, but as a strategic approach based on achieving specific business results.