Effectiveness of a QR-code-integrated project-based e-worksheet for enhancing students’ collaboration skills in science learning

Abstract

This study developed a QR-Code-Integrated Project-Based E-Worksheet to support collaborative learning among 31 seventh-grade students at one of the MTsN 2 Jember during the Earth and Solar System unit in January–February 2025. Using the ADDIE model (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation), the study employed a one-group pre-test–post-test design. Learning activities included constructing solar system models, designing educational posters on Earth's rotation and revolution, and producing videos explaining solar and lunar eclipses. Data were collected through product validation, practicality observations, collaboration-skills observations, student self-assessments, and student-response questionnaires. Three reviewers, including two science teachers and one lecturer, assessed the product's validity, yielding an overall score of 89%, categorized as very valid. Collaboration skills received the highest rating (92%), while presentation received the lowest (87%). Classroom observations across six meetings indicated a practicality score of 89.3%. The effectiveness assessment showed moderate improvement in students' collaboration skills, with an N-gain score of 0.58. Improvements were particularly evident in participatory communication, task management, and evidence-based discussion. Given the one-group design, these findings indicate the product's potential rather than establish causal effectiveness. Overall, the developed e-worksheet was valid and practical, with promising potential to support collaborative digital science learning in junior high schools.