Recent studies on how endogenous retrovirus- and other LTR retrotransposon-derived proteins and peptides contribute to human health and disease across three major domains are summarized.
Abstract
LTR retrotransposons, including endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), constitute approximately 9% of the human genome and represent remnants of ancient mobile genetic elements. Although most of these sequences have accumulated truncations and mutations and have long been regarded as genomic relics, accumulating evidence indicates that ERV- and other LTR retrotransposon-derived proteins and peptides are involved in various diseases and may serve as possible therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize recent studies on how these proteins and peptides contribute to human health and disease across three major domains: neurological disorders, oncogenesis, and host defense. Continued advances in nucleotide sequencing technologies and proteomics are expected to further expand our understanding of the biological and pathological roles of endogenous retrovirus- and other LTR retrotransposon-derived proteins and peptides.
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are the molecular remnants of ancient retroviral infections and constitute a substantial fraction of many vertebrate genomes. Although most ERV loci have lost coding capacity and are epigenetically silenced, some remain biologically relevant because they have been co-opted for host physio...
Cheng-An Lyu, Emma F. Harding, Zhao-Bo Zhang et al.· Viruses· 0 citations
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are remnants of retroviral sequences that integrated into the host germline genome and are inherited across generations. Occasionally, the protein-coding genes within ERVs have been co-opted as host genes and contribute to diverse biological processes. In early studies, the identified ERV...
Transposable elements are abundant in host genomes but are generally considered to be confined to the cell in which they are expressed, with the notable exception of endogenous retroviruses. Here, we identify a group of long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons that infect the germline from somatic cells within the D...
Maya Voichek, A. Bernhard, Lea Lauterjung et al.· Cell· 1 citation
Functional diversification of silkworm nrEVEs is revealed and the contribution of virus-derived sequences to developmental regulation and antiviral physiology in a lepidopteran host is highlighted.
Ma-Cheng Zhang, Yi-Lan Li, Shuo Yang et al.· Virulence· 0 citations
This work searched avian genomes, identified 159 avian R2 retrotransposons and characterized conserved/nonconserved sequence features in their proteins and untranslated region elements, which expands the avian R2 resource and provides additional tools for all-RNA-mediated genome editing.
Yang-Can Chen, Yan-Ping Hu, Sheng-Qiu Luo et al.· Nature Biotechnology· 0 citations
When human disease arises from a loss of function caused by diverse mutant alleles of the same gene, the patient population could be best served by a clinical therapy that achieves genome safe-harbor supplementation with a functional transgene. Until recently, transgene delivery strategies have shared the disadvantages...
Kathleen Collins· Current Opinion in Chemical...· 0 citations
We use cookies to run the site and, with your consent, for analytics and to show ads.
See our Cookie Policy.
