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small language model

845 papers

An Explicit Interaction-Prompted Diffusion Framework for High-Fidelity 3D Molecular Generation.

Current structure-based drug design generative models often struggle to faithfully recapitulate genuine ligand-protein binding interactions. Instead, under the coupling of implicit learning architectures and biased training data, they tend to learn spurious statistical correlations. To address this, we propose EIP-Diff (Explicit Interaction-Prompted Diffusion), an architecture featuring a novel explicit interaction-prompt embedding mechanism that is better suited for real-world target-specific drug design. This architecture replaces biased implicit learning with explicit, residue-level biological guidance, thereby promoting more fine-grained geometric fidelity and more precise interaction-aware conditioning. To fully realize the capabilities of EIP-Diff and provide a reliable basis for performance evaluation, we further constructed CrystalData set, which provides higher-fidelity and less-biased structural supervision than existing data sets. This explicit architecture markedly improves distribution consistency: even when trained on the crossdocked data set, EIP-Diff achieves the highest alignment with authentic pharmacological distributions among evaluated models. Training on CrystalData set further enhances this alignment and improves 3D geometric accuracy, while retaining strong controllability, high chemical space coverage, and near-perfect uniqueness. In addition, target-based validation on KAT6A and YTHDC1 confirmed that EIP-Diff accurately recapitulates native-like binding modes. Furthermore, in a real-world drug design task against IDO1, we successfully designed a novel lead compound with nanomolar potency (IC50 = 0.31 nM). These results demonstrate that the EIP-Diff architecture can explicitly leverage experimentally derived structural data and biologically meaningful interaction information for target-specific molecular generation, thereby enabling its effective application to real-world structure-based drug design.

Huabin Du, Mingyang Wang, M. Luo et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Aug 2026

A Proof‐of‐Concept Study of Language‐Stratified Assessment for Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy: Integrating the Animal Naming Test and Serum IL‐6

It is suggested that primary spoken language may be associated with ANT1 performance in MHE assessments and Integrating ANT1 with serum IL-6 showed numerically improved discrimination in Mandarin speakers, whereas exploratory demographic calibration of S-ANT1 showed a numerically higher AUROC in Taiwanese Hokkien speakers.

Hsin-Che Lin, Cheng-Jen Chen, Tsung-Han Wu et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Review Open access Aug 2026

Quality, consistency, and clinical safety of AI-generated versus clinician-written clinical notes: a multi-country paired simulation study

In this simulation, AI-generated notes scored higher on documentation quality, varied less, and carried fewer clinically significant errors than notes written on the same consultations by junior-to-middle-grade clinicians.

H. Bergman, V. Liu, B. Austin et al. · 1 citation
#small language model Review Aug 2026

Brain-computer interface training for motor recovery after stroke.

Overall, the certainty of evidence was low to very low, downgraded primarily for these risk of bias concerns, severe imprecision (due to small sample sizes), and potential publication bias.

Yu Qin, Mei-xuan Li, Yan-fei Li et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Book Open access Aug 2026

Caduceus: MoE Foundation Models for Unifying Biological and Natural Language

This paper introduces Caduceus, a family of MoE-enhanced foundation models built with a hierarchical pre-training paradigm to jointly integrate biological and natural language, and incorporates a multi-task instruction tuning phase, enabling robust protein parsing and natural language question answering.

Mingze Yin, Yiheng Zhu, Jialu Wu et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Book Open access Aug 2026

Balancing and Beyond: Communication-Centric Optimizations in Expert Parallelism

EPIC mitigates imbalance via performance-aware expert migration and runtime expert activation, and then improves communication with topology-adaptive transport kernels and fine-grained computation-communication overlap.

Jiamin Cao, Qingxu Li, Yaozhong Liu et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Preprint Aug 2026

Structured Driving-State Narratives for Small Language Model-Based GNSS Spoofing Detection

The presented framework can detect and classify GNSS spoofing attacks in real-time while requiring relatively low computational and memory resources, and is therefore suitable for deployment on resource-constrained vehicular computing platforms.

Abyad Enan, Sagar Dasgupta, Mizanur Rahman et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Book Open access Aug 2026

Evaluating Link-level Lossless Mechanisms in AI Networks

Evaluation results show that, while these mechanisms consume a small amount of link bandwidth, CBFC can greatly reduce receive buffer utilization, and LLR can substantially mitigate network performance degradation caused by packet corruption.

Kefei Liu, Ruixue Wang, Tianrun Jiang et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Preprint Aug 2026

Multi-Granularity Sentiment Integration for LLM-Based Multimodal Sentiment Analysis

MGSI first encodes audio and visual streams at short-, medium-, and long-range temporal scales, preserving both local variations and global affective trends, and applies polarity- and intensity-aware enhancement to better handle ambiguous and near-neutral samples.

Shanshan Lin, Yuesheng Wu, Chao Chen et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Aug 2026

Translate, Search, or Answer: Cost-Aware Cross-Lingual Retrieval for Kazakh Small Language Models

This work systematically compares zero-shot parametric generation, in-language retrieval, and cross-lingual (translate-then-retrieve) web search using three 4B-parameter SLMs in both reasoning and non-reasoning modes and proposes a training-free, self-aware router that uses majority voting over repeated self-verification decisions to determine when to search the web, and when to escalate to a more capable cloud model.

Akylbek Maxutov, Nūrali Medeu, Vladimir Albrekht et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Review Open access Aug 2026

Factors influencing the efficacy of programmed cell death protein 1 / programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer

Current evidence supports PD-L1 as the most widely implemented biomarker, but no single factor adequately captures the biological and temporal heterogeneity of treatment response, so integrated, dynamic, and context-specific biomarker models are required to improve precision immuno-oncology.

Longhua Lu, Ze-Yang Zeng, Zi-Qi Guan et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Aug 2026

Using multimodal foundational models to predict neoantigen immunogenicity and vaccine effectiveness across different tumor types

This work is the first to use a multi-modal foundation model for neoantigen vaccines, overcoming the tumor-type-specific constraints of conventional approaches and facilitating joint modelling of immunogenicity and clinical efficacy, thereby offering an AI decision engine for precision cancer vaccine design that is applicable to all cancer types.

Gang Liu, Jia Wang, Jia Zhu · 0 citations

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